Skip to main content
Log in

Condyloma acuminatum: Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects

  • Published:
European Journal of Epidemiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Condyloma acuminatum, CA or genital warts, are benign fibro-epithelial tumors with a predilection for moist environments, especially mucosal surfaces. This sexually transmitted disease (STD) is increasing rapidly in incidence. The lesions are associated with a number of human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Some HPV types are closely linked with genital (especially cervical) dysplasia and neoplasia. Treatment consists of such traditional modalities as podophyllin, cryotherapy or surgical excision and, more recently, administration of interferon (IFN).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abcarian H., Sharon N. (1976): Immunotherapy of anal condyloma acuminatum. - Surg. Forum. 27: 127–129.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anonymous (1981) : Sexually transmitted diseases. -Br. J. Vener. Dis. 27: 402–405.

  3. Anonymous (1983) : Condyloma acuminatum-United States 1966–1981: current trends. - MMWR 32: 306–308.

  4. Bellina J.M. (1983): The use of the carbon dioxide laser in the management of condyloma acuminatum with eight year follow-up. - Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 147: 375–378.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Boshart M., Gissmann L., Ikenberg H., UleinheinzA. Scheurlen W., ZurHausen H. (1984): A new type of papillomavirus DNA: Its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. - EMBD J. 3: 1151–1157.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Boshart M., ZurHausen N. (1986): Human papillomaviruses in Buschke-Löwenstein tumors: physical state of DNA and identification of a tandem duplication in the noncoding region of a human papillomavirus 6 subtype. - J. Virol. 58: 863–966.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Buecker J.W., Heaton C.L. (1985): Bleomycin sulfate — postoperative intralesional usage for giant condylomata. - J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 11: 972–973.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Buschke A., Löwenstein L. (1925): Uber carcinomalnliche condylomata acuminata des penis. -Klin. Wochensohr. 4: 1726–1728.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chuang T.Y., Perry H.D., Kurland L.T., Ilstrup D.M. (1984): Condyloma acuminatum in Rochester, MN, 1950–1978. I. Epidemiology and Clinical Features. -Arch. Dermatol. 120: 469–475.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Coggin J.R. Jr., Zur Hausen N. (1979): Workshop on papillomavirus and cancer. - Cancer. Res. 39: 545–546.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cole S.T., Streeck R.E. (1986): Genome organization and nucleotide sequence of human papilloma-virus type 33, which is associated with cervical cancer. - J. Virol. 58: 991–995.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Crum C.P., Fu Y.S., Levine R.U., Richart R.M., Townsend D.E., Pengolio C.M. (1982): Intraepithelial squamous lesions of the vulva: biologic and histologic criteria for the distinction of condyloma from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. - Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 144: 77–83.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Daling J.R., Chu J., Weiss N.S., Tamini H.K. (1984): The association of condyloma acuminatum and squamous carcinoma of the vulva. - Br. J. Cancer 50: 533–535.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Daling J.R., Sherman K.J., Weiss N.S. (1986): Risk factors for condyloma acuminatum in women. -Sex Transmit Dis. 13: 16–18.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Daling J.R., Weiss N.S., Klopfenstein L.L., CochranL.E., Chow W.N., Diafuku R. (1982): Correlates of homosexual behaviors and the incidence of anal cancer. - JAMA 274: 1988–1990.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Danoff D.S., Holden S., Thompson R.W., David R. (1981): New treatment for extensive condyloma acuminata: external radiation therapy. - Urology 18: 47–49.

    Google Scholar 

  17. DeBenedictis T.J., Marmar J.L., Praiss D.E. (1977): Intraurethral condyloma acuminata: management and review of the literature. - J. Urol. 118: 767–769.

    Google Scholar 

  18. DeJong A.R., Weiss J.C., Brent R.L. (1982): Condyloma acuminata in children. - Am. J. Dis. Child. 126: 704–706.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Doran G.A. (1980): Oral condyloma acuminatum or venereal wart: case report. - Austral. Dent. J. 25: 212–214.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Douglas J.M.Jr., Rogers M., Judson F.N. (1986): The effect of asymptomatic infection with HTLV-III on response of anogenital warts to intralesional treatment with recombinant alpha-2 interferon. -J. Infect. Dis. 154: 331–334.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Doyle J.L., Grodjesk J.R., Manhold J.N. (1968): Condyloma acuminatum occurring in the oral cavity. - Oral Surg. 26: 434–440.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Durst M., Kleinheinz A., Hotz M., Gissmann L. (1985): The physical state of human papilloma-virus type 16 DNA in benign and malignant genital tumors. - J. Gen. Virol. 66: 1515–1522.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ferenczy A. (1984): Comparison of 5-fluorouracil and CO2 laser for treatment of vaginal condylomata.- Obstet. Gynecol. 64: 773–778.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ferenczy A., Mitao M., Nagai N., Silverstein S.J., Crum C.P. (1985): Latent papillomavirus and recurring genital warts. - N. Engl. J. Med. 313: 784–788.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ferson M., Edwards A., Lind A., Milton G.W., HerseyP.L. (1979): Low natural killer cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects. - Int. J. Cancer. 23: 603–609.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Frazer I.H., Crapper R.M., Medley G., Brown T.C., MacKay I.R. (1986): Association between anogental dysplasia, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus infection in homosexual men. - Lancet 2: 657–660.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gall S.A., Hughes C.F., Mount S.P., Segriti A., Weck P.K., Whisnant J.K. (1986): Efficacy of human lymphoblastoid interferon in the therapy of resistant condyloma acuminata. - Obstet. Gynecol. 67: 643–651.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gall S.A., Hughes C.E., Trofatter K. (1985): Interferon for the therapy of condyloma acuminatum. -Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 153: 157–163.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Geffen J.R., Klein R.J., Friedman-Kien A.E. (1984): Intralesional administration of large doses of human leukocyte interferon for the treatment of condyloma acuminata. - J. Infect. Dis. 150: 612–615.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ghosh A.K. (1977): Cryosurgery of genital warts in cases in which podophyllin treatment failed or was contraindicated. - Br. J. Vener. Dis. 53: 49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gissman L., Boshart M., Durst M., Ikenberg H., Wagner D., Zur Hansen H. (1984): Presence of human papillomavirus in genital tumors. - J. Invest. Dermatol. 83: 26s–28s.

  32. Gissmann L., deVilliers E.M., Zur Hausen H. (1982): Analysis of human genital warts (condyloma acuminata) and other genital tumors for human papillomavirus type 6 DNA. - Int. J. Cancer 29: 143–146.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Gressor I. (1982): On the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of interferon. - Texas Reports Biol. Med. 41: 582–589.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Gross G., Ikenberg H., Gissmann L., Hagedorn M. (1985): Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type. Proposal of a new nomenclature. -J. Invest. Dermatol. 85: 147–152.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Haye K.R. (1977): Treatment of condylomata acuminata with 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) cream. - Br. J. Vener. Dis. 50: 466.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jensen S.L. (1985): Comparison of podophyllin application with simple surgical excision in clearance and recurrence of perianal condyloma acuminata.- Lancet 2: 1146–1148.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kanee B. (1969): Oral florid papillomatosis complicated by verrucous squamous carcinoma. - Arch. Dermatol. 99: 196–202.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Keating M.A., Young R.N., Carr C.P., Nikrui N., Heney N.M. (1985): Condyloma acuminatum of the bladder and ureter: case report and review of the literature. - J. Urol. 133: 465–467.

    Google Scholar 

  39. King A., Nicol C., Rodin P. (1980): Venereal Diseases fourth edition, Bailliere Tindall, London, pp. 362–365.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kirby P., Wells D., Kiviat N., Corey L. (1986): A phase I trial of intramuscular recombinant human gamma interferon for refractory genital warts. -J. Invest. Dermatol. 86: 485.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Libby J.M., Frankel J.M., Stardino P.T. (1985): Condyloma acuminatum of the bladder and associated urothelial malignancy. - J. Urol. 134: 134–136.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lorincz A.T., Lancaster W.D., Temple G.F. (1986): Cloning and characterization of the DNA of a new human papillomavirus from a woman with dysplasia of the uterine cervix. - J. Virol. 58: 225–229.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Lutzner M. (1983): The human papillomaviruses. -Arch. Dermatol. 119: 631–635.

    Google Scholar 

  44. McCoy C.R., Applebaum H., Besser A.S. (1982): Condyloma acuminatum: an unusual presentation of child abuse. - J. Pediatr. Surg. 17: 505–507.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Morton R.S. (1975): Recent Advances in Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh, p. 340.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Niedbala W., Nowak J. (1981): Depressed PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in women taking oral contraception. - Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz) 29: 867–870.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Oriel D.J. (1977): Genital warts-review. - Sex Transmit. Dis. 4: 153–159.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Oriel J.D. (1971): Natural history of genital warts. -Br. J. Vener. Dis. 47: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Orth G., Favre M., Croissant D. (1977): Characterization of a new type of human papillomavirus that causes skin warts. - J. Virol. 24: 108–120.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pfister H. (1984): Biology and biochemistry of papillomaviruses. - Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 99: 111–181.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Reichman R.C., Bonnez W., Greisberger C., Whitley R.J., Tyring S., Miller L., Krueger G.G., Corvath N., Weidner M., Myers M., Dolin R. (1986): Treatment of condyloma acuminatum with intralesionally administered interferons: A multicentered, placebocontrolled trial. - Clin. Res. 34: 531A.

  52. Reid R., Crum C.P., Herschman B.R., Fu Y.S., Braun L., Shah K.V., Agronow S.J., Stanhope C.R. (1984): Genital warts and cervical cancer: subclinical papillomaviral infection and cervical neoplasia are linked by a spectrum of continuous morphologic and biologic change. - Cancer. 53: 943–953.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Rhatigan R.M., Jimenez S., Chopskie E.J. (1972): Condyloma acuminatum and carcinoma of the penis. - South Med. J. 65: 423–428.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Schonfeld A., Schattner A., Crespi M., Levavi H., Shoham J., Nitke S., Wallach D., Hahn T., YardenO., Doerner T., Revel M. (1984): Intramuscular human interferon beta injection in treatment of condyloma acuminata. - Lancet 1: 1038–1042.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Sedlacek T.V., Cunnane M., Carpiniello V. (1986): Colposcopy in the diagnosis of penile condyloma. -Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 154: 494–496.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Simmons P.D. (1981): Podophyllin 10% and 25% in the treatment of ano-genital warts. - Br. J. Vener. Dis., 57: 208–209.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Stringel G., Mercer S., Corsini L. (1985): Condyloma acuminata in children. - J. Pediatr. Surg. 20: 499–501.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Swerdlow D.B., Salvati E.P. (1971): Condyloma acuminatum. - Dis. Colon Rectum 14: 226–231.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Thomas D.B. (1973): An epidemiologic study of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix. - Am. J. Epidemiol. 98: 10–28.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Trevathan E., Layde P., Webster L.A., Adams J.B., Benigno B.B., Ory H. (1983): Cigarette smoking and dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. - JAMA 250: 499–502.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Vance J.C., Bart B.J., Hansen R.C., Reichman R.C., McEwen C., Hatch K.D., Berman B., Tanner D.J. (1986): Intralesional recombinant alpha2 interferon for the treatment of patients with condyloma acuminatum or verruca plantaris. - Arch. Dermatol. 122: 272–277.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Vessey M.P., Lawless M., McPherson K., Yeates D. (1983): Neoplasia of the cervix uteri and contraception: a possible adverse effect of the pill. - Lancet 2: 930–934.

    Google Scholar 

  63. VonKrogh G. (1975): Lokalisation, spridningssatt och behandling av condyloma acuminata. - Lakartidningen 72: 2167–2170.

    Google Scholar 

  64. VonKrogh G. (1981): Podophyllotoxin for condyloma acuminatum eradication. - Acta Derm. Venereol. [Suppl.] (Stockholm) 98: 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Wagner D., Ikenberg M., Boehm N., Gissmann L. (1984): Identification of human papillomavirus in cervical swabs by deoxyribonucleic acid in situ hybridization. - Obstet. Gynecol. 64: 767–772.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Walther M., O'Brien D.P., Birch H.W. (1986): Condyloma acuminata and verrucous- carcinoma of the bladder: case report and literature review. -J. Urol. 135: 362–365.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Wright R.A., Judson F.N. (1978): Relative and seasonal incidence of the sexually transmitted diseases: a two year statistical review. - Br. J. Vener. Dis. 54: 433–440.

    Google Scholar 

  68. ZurHausen N. (1982): Human genital cancer: Synergism between two virus infections or synergism between a virus infection and initiating events? - Lancet 2: 1370–1372.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tyringi, S.K., Cauda, R., Baron, S. et al. Condyloma acuminatum: Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Eur J Epidemiol 3, 209–215 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00149726

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00149726

Key words

Navigation