Abstract
A ten-year survey of the effects of solar flare-generated shock-waves on the ambient cosmic rays (E ≥ 35 MeV) as well as on the solar particle population at low energies (E ≥ 300 keV) shows that the quasi-perpendicular side of the expanding shock front (sola flare site to the east of the Sun-spacecraft line) gives rise to prominent Forbusch decreases and large ESP events, whereas the presumably turbulent quasi-parallel part of the large-scale shock front-IMF configurations (source site to the west of the Sun-spacecraft line) is associated, on the average, with small (≲4%) or no Forbush decreases and weak or no ESP events. The role of grad-B drifts of the particles at quasi-perpendicular shocks is suggested as a common cause for both the ESP events and the Forbush decreases. The observations indicate that turbulence is not a dominant factor in the above shock effects on the energetic particle populations both at low and high energies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akasofu, S.-I. and Yoshida, S.: 1967, Planetary Space Sci. 15, 39.
Alfvén, H.: 1954, Tellus, 6, 232.
Badruddin, R. S. and Yadav, N. R.: 1986, Solar Phys. 105, 413.
Bame, S. J., Asbridge, J. R., Feldman, W. C., Fenimore, E. E., and Gosling, J. T.: 1979, Solar Phys. 62, 179.
Barouch, E. and Burlaga, L. F.: 1975, J. Geophys. Res. 80, 449.
Burlaga, L. F.: 1983, NASA Technical Memorandum 85085.
Burlaga, L. F.: 1984, Space Sci. Rev. 39, 255.
d'Uston, C.: 1982, Space Sci. Rev. 32, 99.
Decker, R. B.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 4537.
Dorman, L. J.: 1957, Cosmic Ray Variations, State Publishing House Technical and Theoretical Literature, Moscow.
Dryer, M., Smith, Z. K., Steinolfson, R. S., Mihalov, J. D., Wolfe, J. H., and Chao, J. K.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 4651.
Forbush, S. E.: 1938, J. Geophys. Res. 43, 203.
Formisano, V.: 1977, J. Phys. Colloq. 38, C6–65.
Gold, T.: 1960, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 4, 406.
Greenstadt, E. W.: 1974, in C. T. Russell (ed.), Solar Wind 3, Proc. of the Asilomar Solar Wind Conference, UCLA Press, p. 440.
Haurwitz, N. W., Hoshida, S., and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1965, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 2977.
Hewish, A. and Bravo, S.: 1986, Nature 324, 44.
Hewish, A., Tappin, S. J., and Gapper, G. R.: 1985, Nature 314, 137.
Hundhausen, A. J.: 1972, Coronal Expansion and Solar Wind, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Iucci, N., Parisi, M., Storini, M., and Villoresi, G.: 1984, Il Nuovo Cimento 7C, 467.
Kadokura, A. and Nishida, A.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 13.
Kennel, C. F., Scarf, F. L., Coroniti, F. V., Smith, E. J., and Gurnett, D. A.: 1982, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 17.
Lockwood, J. A.: 1971, Space Sci. Rev. 12, 658.
Lockwood, J. A. and Webber, W. R.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 1906.
Lockwood, J. A. and Webber, W. R.: 1984, J. Geophys. Res. 89, 17.
Lockwood, J. A. and Webber, W. R.: 1987, Proc. 20 Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Moscow SH 7.2-17, 87.
Lockwood, J. A., Webber, W. R., and Jokipii, J. R.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 2851.
McDonald, F. B., Trainor, J. B., Mhalov, J. D., Wolfe, J. H., and Webber, W. R.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 246, L165.
Morrison, P.: 1956, Phys. Rev. 101, 1397.
Nishida, A.: 1983, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 785.
Parker, E. N.: 1963, Interplanetary Dynamical Processes, Interscience, New York.
Pinter, S.: 1977, in M. A. Shea, D. F. Smart, and S. T. Wu (eds.), Contributed Papers to the ‘Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena’, AFGL-TR-77-0309, Proc. COSPAR Symp. B., Tel Aviv, p. 161.
Pudovkin, M. I., Zaitseva, S. A., and Benevolenska, E. E.: 1979, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6649.
Russell, C. T., Smith, E. J., Tsurutani, B. T., Gosling, J. T., and Bame, S. J.: 1983, in M. Neugebauer (ed.), Solar Wind Five, p. 385.
Sarris, E. T.: 1983, in N. Iucci (ed.), Invited Talks, 8th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Bologna, Tecnoprint, p. 17.
Sarris, E. T. and Krimigis, S. M.: 1985, Solar Phys. 96, 413.
Sarris, E. T. and Van Allen, J. A.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4157.
Sarris, E. T., Krimigis, S. M., and Armstrong, T. P.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2341.
Sarris, E. T., Anagnostopoulos, G. C., and Trochoutsos, P. C.: 1984, Solar Phys. 93, 195.
Sarris, E. T., Decker, R. B., and Krimigis, S. M.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 3961.
Smith, E. J.: 1983, Space Sci. Rev. 34, 101.
Thomsen, M. F.: 1985, in B. T. Tsurutani and R. G. Stone (eds.), Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research, AGU, p. 253.
Tsurutani, B. T., Smith, E. J., and Jones, D. E.: 1983, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5645.
Webber, W. R., Lockwood, J. A., and Jokipii, J. R.: 1986, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 4103.
Wu, S. T., Dryer, M., and Han, S. M.: 1983, Solar Phys. 84, 395.
Yoshida, S. and Akasofu, S.-I.: 1965, Planetary Space Sci. 13, 435.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sarris, E.T., Dodopoulos, C.A. & Venkatesan, D. On the E-W asymmetry of Forbush decreases (Ep ≥ 35 MeV). Sol Phys 120, 153–172 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00148541
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00148541