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Solar rotation, impulses of the torque in the Sun's motion, and climatic variation

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Abstract

Running variance analysis and maximum entropy spectral analysis applied to Mount Wilson rotation data yield arguments in favor of a connection between variations in the Sun's rotation rate, energetic X-ray flares, and impulses of the torque (IOT) in the Sun's irregular motion about the barycenter of the planetary system. Such IOT, that have been shown to be related to the secular cycle of solar activity and excursions of the Maunder minimum type, also seem to be linked to outstanding peaks in geomagnetic activity, maxima in ozone concentration, incidence of blocking type circulation, as well as rainfall over Central Europe, England/Wales, eastern United States, and India. Statistical tests, that confirm these links, additionally point to IOT connection with temperature in Central Europe and the number of icebergs that pass south of latitude 48° N. IOT relationship with X-ray flares and strong geomagnetic storms was tested in successful long range forecasts.

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Abbreviations

A c :

Equatorial angular sidereal solar rotation rate corrected for scattered light and averaged over respective Carrington rotations.

c-events:

See JU-CM-CSc.

CM:

Center of mass of the solar system.

CS:

Center of the Sun.

ΔL :

Change of angular momentum L in the Sun's orbital motion about CM caused by an impulse of the torque (IOT). This change is measured by the time integral of the torque \(\Delta L = \int_{t_0 }^{t_1 } {T(t)dt}\).

df :

Degrees of freedom.

g-events:

See JU-CM-CSg.

IOT:

Impulse of the torque in the Sun's irregular orbital motion about the center of mass of the solar system CM. The intensity of IOT is measured by the change in angular momentum ΔL effected by the impulse.

JU-CM-CS:

Solar system constellation that is formed when the center of mass CM, the Sun's center CS and the giant planet Jupiter (JU) are in line. JU-CM-CS events initiate impulses of the torque IOT in the Sun's irregular revolution about CM.

JU-CM-CSc:

JU-CM-CS event that is accompanied with a sharp increase in orbital angular momentum and centrifugal motion of the Sun away from CM.

JU-CM-CSg:

JU-CM-CS event that goes along with a steep decrease in orbital angular momentum L and centripetal motion of the Sun toward CM due to prevailing gravitation.

L :

Angular momentum of the Sun's orbital motion around CM.

T :

Torque, the varying ‘rotary force’ applied to the Sun in its orbital motion about CM that is equal to the time rate of change of the angular momentum L.

v :

Running variance: the smoothing technique of running means over two or more consecutive readings is applied to variance, the square of the standard deviation.

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Landscheidt, T. Solar rotation, impulses of the torque in the Sun's motion, and climatic variation. Climatic Change 12, 265–295 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139433

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