Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emissions control and reduction

  • Published:
Climatic Change Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A brief review of the information available on technological means for reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is provided. No assessment of economic or institutional difficulties for their implementation is attempted. A few cost figures are quoted where available, usually at the single-unit, microeconomic level, and further aggregation of the data is required to estimate global costs. Considerable additional analysis is required to do the latter, since simple summation of micro-level figures will in general not correctly yield macro level costs. It follows that no conclusions can be drawn from the information provided in this paper as to the preferred, most effective strategies for abating emission growths. The review should be viewed as providing a snap-shot picture of the data available as of today that is needed as input to an analysis of means and costs for achieving global scale reduction in emissions levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baes, C. F., Beall, S. E., and Lee, D. W.: 1980, ‘The Collection, Disposal and Storage of Carbon Dioxide’, in W. Bach, J. Pankrath, and J. Williams (eds.), Interactions of Energy and Climate, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beardsley, T.: 1986, ‘Global Limit for CFC Emissions’, Nature 323, 286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, F. M.: 1988, Motor Vehicle as Sources of Compounds Important to Tropospheric and Stratospheric Ozone, 3rd US-Dutch International Symposium, Atmospheric Ozone Research and its Policy Implications. May 9–13 1988, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

  • Bold, F. C.: 1987, ‘Response to Energy Efficiency Regulations’, The Energy J. 8 (2) 111–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolle, H. J., Seiler, W., and Bolin, B.: 1986, ‘Other Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols’, in B. Bolin and B. R. Doos (eds.), The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change and Ecosystems, 1986 SCOPE. Wiley.

  • Bowden, W. B. and Bormann, F. H.: 1986, ‘Transport and Loss of Nitrous Oxide in Soil Water after Forest Clear-Cutting’, Science 233, 867–869.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breitenbeck, G. A., Blackmer, A. M., and Bremner, J. M.: 1980, ‘Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on Emission of Nitrous Oxide from Soil’, Geophys. Res, Lett. 7 (1) 85–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremner, J. M., Breitenbeck, G. A., and Blackmer, A. M.: 1981, ‘Effect of Nitrapyrin on Emission of Nitrous Oxide from Soil Fertilized with Anhydrous Ammonia’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 353–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breuer, G.: 1979, ‘Can Forest Policy Contribute to Solving the Carbon Dioxide Problem?’, Environ. Int. 2, 499–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camm, F., Quinn, T. H., Bamezai, A., Hammit, J. K., Meltzer, M., Mooz, W. E., and Wolf, K. A.: 1986, ‘Social Cost of Technical Control Options to Reduce Emissions of Potential Ozone Depleters in the United States: An Update’, RAND Report N-2440-EPA.

  • Cheng, H. C., Steinberg, M., and Beller, M.: 1986, Effect of Energy Technology on Global CO 2 Emissions, US Department of Energy Report DOE/NBR/0078, Washington DC.

  • Commoner, B.: 1977, ‘Cost-Risk-Benefit Analysis of Nitrogen Fertilization: A Case History’, Ambio 6, 157–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, J., Constanzar, Hall, C. A. S., and Kaufmann, R.: 1984, ‘Energy and the U.S. Economy: A Biophysical Perspective’, Science 225, 890–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds, J. A. and Reilly, J. M.: 1985, ‘Future Global Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions’, in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle, U.S. Department of Energy Report DOE/ER-0239, Washington, DC.

  • Energy Information Agency: 1984, International Energy Annual, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Protection Agency: 1988, The Potential Effect of Global Climate Change on the United States, US Environmental Protection Agency Report to Congress, October 1988.

  • Goldemberger, J., Johansson, T., Reddy, A. N. K., and Williams, R. H.: 1985, An End-Use Oriented Global Energy Strategy, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Report R-179, Princeton University.

  • Haefele W., Barnet, H., Messner, S., Strubegger, M., and Anderer, J.: 1986, ‘Novel Integrated Energy Systems: the Case of Zero Emissions’, in W. C. Clarke and R. E. Munn (eds.), Sustainable Development of the Biosphere, Cambridge University Press.

  • Huffman, E. O.: 1980, ‘Fertilizers’, in M. Grayson and D. Eckroth (eds.), Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 10.

  • Hwang, S-K. and Kammermeyer, K.: 1975, Membranes in Separations, Wiley.

  • Jorgenson, D. W.: 1984, ‘The Role of Energy in Productivity Growth’, The Energy J. 5 (3) 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, D. R.: 1982, ‘Nitrogen Management for Maximum Efficiency and Minimum Pollution’, in Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils, ASA/CSAA-SSSA Agnonomy Monograph #22.

  • Keepin, B.: 1986, ‘Review of Global Energy and Carbon Dioxide Projections’, Ann. Rev. Energy 11, 357–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosobud, R. F. and Daley, T. D.: 1984, ‘Global Conflict or Cooperation over the CO2/Climate Impact’, Kyklos 37 (4) 638–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurmann, J. A.: 1985, The Role of Gas in the Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Future Global Climate change, Gas Research Insights, July 1985. Gas Research Institute, Chicago Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurmann, J. A.: 1989, ‘Future Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Induced Climatic Warming’, in R. Fantechi and A. Ghazi (eds.), Carbon Dioxide and other Greenhouse Gases: Climatic and Associated Impacts, Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovins, A. B., Lovins, L. H., Krause, F., and Bach, W.: 1981, Least-Cost Energy, Brick House.

  • Marchetti, C.: 1977, ‘Measures to Control Carbon Dioxide’, Experientia 36, 767–890.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marland, G.: 1988, The Prospect of Solving the CO 2 Problem through Global Reforestation, US Department of Energy Report DOE/NBB-0082, Washington DC.

  • Moastersky, R.: 1988, ‘Bottled Error Distorts N2O Estimates’, Science News, Nov. 26 1988, p. 340.

  • Mooz, W. E., Dole, S. H., Jaquette, D. L., Krase, W. H., Morrison, P. F, Salem, S. L., Salter, R. G., and Wolf, K. A.: 1982, Technical Options for Reducing Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions, RAND Report R-2879-EPA.

  • Mustacchi, C., Armenante, P., and Cena, V: 1978, ‘Carbon Dioxide Disposal in the Ocean’, in J. Williams (ed.), Carbon Dioxide, Climate and Society. Pergamon.

  • Mustacchi, C., Armenante, P., and Cena, V: 1979, ‘Carbon Dioxide Removal from Power Plant Exhausts’, Environ. Int. 2, 453–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordhaus, W. D. and Yohe, G.: 1983, ‘Future Paths of Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions’, in Changing Climate, National Academy Press, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC: 1979, Protection Against Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone by Chlorofluorocarbons, National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, A. R., Mooz, W. E., Quinn, T. H., and Wolf, K. A.: 1980, Economic Implications of Regulating Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions from Nonaerosol Applications, RAND Report R-2524-EPA.

  • Ramanathan, V, Callis, L., Cess, R., Hansen, J., Isaksen, I., Kuhn, W., Lacis, A., Luther, F., Mahlman, J., Reck, R., and Schlesinger, M.: 1986, ‘Climate-Chemical Interactions and Effects of Changing Atmospheric Trace Gases’, J. Geophys. Res. 90, D3 5547–5566.

    Google Scholar 

  • RFF: 1982, ‘Resources for the Future’, The Economics of Managing Chlorofluorocarbons, J. H. Cumberland, J. R. Hibbs, and Hoch (eds.), Washington D.C.

  • Rose, D. J., Miller, M. M., and Agnew, C.: 1984, Global Energy Futures and CO 2 Induced Climate Change, MITEL Report 83–015, MIT Energy Laboratory, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahrawat, K. L. and Keeney, D. R: 1986, ‘Nitrous Oxide Emission from Soils’, in Advances in Soil Science 4, 103–147. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, H.: 1980, ‘Conservation Practices and Increased Efficiency of Energy Conservation and Usage’, in W. Bach, J. Pankrath and J. Williams (eds.), Interactions of Energy and Climate, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCI: 1978, Technology Assessment of the Fluorocarbon/Ozone Depletion Problem, Systems Control Inc. October 1978.

  • Seidel, S. and Keyes, D.: 1983, Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming?, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiler, W.: 1984, ‘Contribution of Biological Processes to the Global Budget of CH4 in the Atmosphere’, in M. J. Klug and C. A. Reddy (eds.), Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology. A.S.M. pp. 468–477.

  • Sheppard, J. C., Westberg, H., Hopper, J. F., and Ganesan, K.: 1982, ‘Inventory of Global Methane Sources and their Production Rates’, J. Geophys. Res. 87, #C2 1305–1312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, M., Albenese, A. S., and Dang, V.: 1980, ‘Environmental Control Technology for Carbon Dioxide’, AIChE Symposium Series 76, 154–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, M.: 1983, An Analysis of Concepts for Controlling Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, United States Department of Energy Report DOE/CH/00016-1, Washington DC.

  • Steinberg, M., Cheng, H. C., and Horn, F.: 1984, A Systems Study for the Removal, Recovery and Disposal of Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Fuel Power Plants in the U.S. United States Department of Energy Report DOE/CH/0016-2, Washington DC.

  • Steinberg, M.: 1987, Clean Carbon and Hydrogen Fuels from Coal and other Carbonaceous Raw Materials, Brookhaven National Laboratory Report 39630.

  • Thomas, L. M.: 1986, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. June 11, 1986.

  • Thompson, A. M. and Cicerone, R. J.: 1986, ‘Possible Perturbations to Atmospheric CO, CH4 and OH’, J. Geophys. Res. 89, 10853–10864.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trabalka, J. R., Edmonds, J. A., Reilly, J. M., Garder, R. H., and Voorhees, L. D.: 1985, ‘Human Alteration of the Global Carbon Cycle and the Projected Future’, in J. R. Trabalka (ed.), Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle. US Department of Energy Report DOE/ER-0239, Washington DC.

  • Urban, C. M. and Garbe, R. J.: 1980, Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions from Malfunctioning Automobiles, Soc. Auto. Eng. paper 790696.

  • Walsh, J. J., Rowe, G. T., Iverson, R. L., and McRoy, C. P.: 1981, ‘Biological Export of Shelf Carbon is a Sink of the Global CO2 Cycle’, Nature 291, 196–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • WBEC (Williams Brothers Engineering Company): 1983, Assessing the Underground Coal Gasification in Wyoming Coal for Production of SNG, Final Report GRI-81/10186.1, Feb. 1986.

  • WMO (World Meteorological Organization): 1986, Atmospheric Ozone 1985: Assessment of our Understanding of the Processes Controlling Its Present Distribution and Change, WMO, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolsky, A. M. and Brooks, C.: 1985, Recovering Carbon Dioxide from Man-Made Sources, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL/CNSV-TM-166.

  • Woodwell, G. M., Hobbie, J. E., Houghton, R. A., Melillo, J. M., Moore, B., Peterson, B. J., and Shaver, G. R.: 1983, ‘Global Deforestation: Contribution to Atmospehric Carbon Dioxide’, Science 222, 1081–1086.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, U.S.A.

    John A. Laurmann

  2. 3372 Martin Road, 93923, Carmel, CA, U.S.A.

    John A. Laurmann

Authors
  1. John A. Laurmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Laurmann, J.A. Emissions control and reduction. Climatic Change 15, 271–298 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138855

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138855

Keywords

Search

Navigation