Abstract
A content analysis is made of arms control arguments made in the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and its Subcommittee on Disarmament by five groups: government scientists, academic scientists, politicians, military persons and citizens.
It is found that government scientists are closer in their argumentation to other government persons than to their fellow scientists. It is argued that access rather than professionalism is the important independent variable to consider in predicting policy-related behavior.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnes, S. P. (1971). “Making out in industrial research,” Science Studies 1, (1, January).
Brecht, Arnold (1959). Political Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Downs, Anthony (1966). Inside Bureaucracy. Boston: Little Brown.
Dupre, Stefan and Lakoff, Sanford (1962). Science and the Nation: Policy and Politics. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall.
Etzioni, Amitai (1968). The Active Society: A Theory of Societal and Political Processes. New York: The Free Press.
Gianos, Philip (1974). “Scientists as policy advisers: the context of influence,” Western Political Quarterly 27 (3, September).
Gilpin, Robert (1962). American Scientists and Nuclear Weapons Policy, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Greenfield, M. (1968). “Science goes to Washington,” in William Nelson (ed.), The Politics of Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
Halperin, Morton and Kanter, Arnold (eds.) (1973). Readings in American Foreign Policy; A Bureaucratic Perspective. Boston: Little Brown.
Holsti, Ole (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Science and Humanities. Cambridge, MA: Addison Wesley.
Huntington, Samuel (1964). The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Jacobson H. and Stein, E. (1966). Diplomats, Scientists and Politicians: The United States and the Nuclear Test Ban Negotiations. Ann Arbor; University of Michigan Press.
Jungk, Robert (1958). Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists, New York: Harcourt.
Kaplan, Abraham (1964). The Conduct of Inquiry. San Francisco: Chandler.
Kerr, Steven et al., (1977). “Issues in the study of “Professionals” in organizations: the case of scientists and engineers,” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 18 (2, April).
Lambright, W. Henry and Teich, Albert H. (1978). “Scientists and government; a case of professional ambivalence,” Public Administration Review 38 (2, March/April).
Lepper, Mary (1971). Foreign Policy Formation: A Case Study of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
Lakoff, Sanford A. (1977). “Scientists, technologists and political powers,” in Ira Spiegel-Rosing and Derek de Solla Price (eds.), Science, Technology and Society: A Cross Disciplinary Perspective. London: sage.
Lindblom, Charles (1968). The Policy Making Process. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Lynn, Lawrence E. (1977). “Implementation: Will the hedghogs be outfoxed?” Policy Analysis 3 (2, Spring).
Merton, Robert (1949). Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe; The Free Press.
Merton, Robert (1973). “The perspectives of insiders and outsiders,” in Robert Merton (ed.), The Sociology of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Michael, Donald (1968). The Unprepared Society: Planning for a Precarious Future. New York: Basic Books.
Nelkin, Dorothy (1975). “The political impact of technical expertise,” Social Studies of Science (1 February).
Price, Don K. (1962). “Administrative leadership,” in S. Graubard and G. Halton (eds.), Excellence and Leadership in a Democracy, New York: Columbia University Press.
Price, Don K. (1965). The Scientific Estate. Cambridge; Harvard University Press.
Primack Joel and Von Hippel, Frank (1974). Advice and Dissent: Scientists in the Political Arena. New York: Basic Books.
Snow, C. P. (1960) Science and Government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schooler, Dean (1971). Science, Scientists and Public Policy. New York: The Free Press.
Tercheck, Ronald (1970). The Making of the Test Ban Treaty. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
U.S. Congress (1963). Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, hearings, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (88th Congress, 1st Session).
U.S. Congress (1959). Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, subcommittee on Disarmament Hearings, Disarmament and Foreign Policy, Pts. 1, 2 (86th Congress, 1st session).
U.S. House of Representatives (1971). Committee on Science and Astronautics, Subcommittee on Science, Research and Development, Report: Technical Information for Congress, Prepared by the Science Policy Research Division, Library of Congress, April.
Weiss, Carol H. (1977). “Research for policy's sake; the enlightment function of social research,” Policy Analysis 3 (4, Fall).
Wilensky, Harold (1956). Intellectuals in Labour Unions: Organizational Pressures on Professional Roles. Glencoe: The Free Press.
Wood, Robert (1964). “Scientists and politics: the rise of an apolitical elite,” in Robert Gilpin and Christopher Wright, Scientists and National Policymaking. New York: Columbia University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The author wishes to thank Professor Davis Bobrow for his advice throughout the course of this study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Keren, M. Science vs. government: A reconsideration. Policy Sci 12, 333–353 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138160
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138160