Skip to main content
Log in

The development of thinking processes in postsecondary education: Application of a working model

  • Published:
Higher Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Disciplines in postsecondary education have traditionally used different models to describe the thinking processes required in their field. From a review of the models used in different disciplines, a working model of thinking processes was developed and was tested for appropriateness of fit in six pure and applied matched disciplines. The professors testing the working model applied the model to their courses in different ways and gave a variety of examples of the instructional methods they used to do this.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bloom, B. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: David McKay.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brookfield, S. D. (1987). Developing critical thinking. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chi, M. T., Feltovich, P. J. and Glaser, R. (1981). ‘Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices’, Cognitive Science 5, 121–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, T. and Campbell, D. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1975). ‘Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology’, American Psychologist 12, 671–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1982). Designing evaluation of educational and social programs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald, J. G. (1985). ‘Intellectual skills in higher education’, Canadian Journal of Higher Education 15(1), 53–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald, J. G. (1986). ‘Knowledge and the university curriculum’, Higher Education 15(3), 267–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald, J. G. (1987). ‘Learning schemata: methods of representing cognitive, content and curriculum structures in higher education’, Instructional Science 16, 187–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald, J. G. (1988). ‘Professors' expectations of students' ability to think’, Higher Education Research and Development 17(1), 19–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald, J. G. and Nagy, P. (1985). The portrayal of knowledge structures: A synthesis of methods. Research report to SSHRCC. McGill University, Centre for University Teaching and Learning.

  • Dressel, P. L. and Mayhew, L. B. (1954). General education: Explorations in evaluation. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dressel, P. and Mayhew, L. (1974). Higher education as a field of study. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entwistle, N. and Ramsden, P. (1983). Understanding student learning. London: Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ericksen, A. and Smith, J. (Eds.) (1991). Study of expertise: Prospects and limits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, P. and LeCount, J. (1991, April). When more is less: Faculty misestimation of student learning. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois.

  • Frederiksen, N. (1984). ‘Implications of cognitive theory for instruction in problem solving’, Review of Educational Research, 54(3), 363–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R. M., Schoner, P. G., and Pentony, D. E. (1980). The vocabulary of a discipline: The political science concept inventory. Santa Barbara, California: Clio Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, E. D. Jr. (1967). Validity in interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, P. (1974). Knowledge and the curriculum. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes Group (The). (1986). Tomorrow's teachers. East Lansing: The Holmes Group, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krathwohl, D. R. (1985). Social and behavioral science research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakatos, J. and Musgrave, A. (Eds.) (1970). Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesgold, A. (1985, January). Psychological issues in designing expert tutors in medical education. Seminar presented by the Centre for Medical Education, McGill University.

  • Lincoln, Y. and Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverley Hills: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDermott, J. and Larkin, J. H. (1978). Re-representing textbook physics problems. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeachie, W. J. (1991, April). Faculty development: Past, present and future. Invited address to the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois.

  • Meyer, J., Parsons, P. and Dunne, T. (1990). ‘Individual study orchestrations and their association with learning outcomes’, Higher Education 20, 67–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, C. (1986). Teaching students to think critically: A guide for faculty in all disciplines. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B. and Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A source book of new methods. Beverley Hills: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reif, J. (1983, April). Acquiring an effective understanding of scientific concepts. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Quebec.

  • Reif, F., Larkin, J. H. and Brackett, G. C. (1976). ‘Teaching general learning and problem-solving skills’, American Journal of Physics, 44(3), 212–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricoeur, P. (1976). Interpretation theory: discourse and the surplus of meaning. Fort Worth, Texas: The Texas Christian University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. (1967). ‘The countenance of educational evaluation’, Teachers College Record 68, 523–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. (1975). Evaluating the arts in education: A responsive approach. Columbus: C. E. Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J. (1985, November). ‘Teaching critical thinking, Part 1: Are we making critical mistakes?’, Phi Delta Kappan, 194–198.

  • Watson, G. and Glaser, M. (1980). Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Donald, J.G. The development of thinking processes in postsecondary education: Application of a working model. High Educ 24, 413–430 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137240

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137240

Keywords

Navigation