Summary
An ion-exchange sponge that can have a tailored surface charge has been used for yeast immobilisation in high original gravity (o.g. 1.106) cider fermentation. Continuous circulation of fermentation medium through columns containing weakly basic sponge encouraged yeast growth, decreased batch fermentation time and increased final ethanol concentration, possibly aided by sponge enhanced CO2 removal from solution.
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References
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O'Reilly, A., Scott, J.A. Use of an ion-exchange sponge to immobilise yeast in high gravity apple based (cider) alcoholic fermentations. Biotechnol Lett 15, 1061–1066 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129938
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129938