Abstract
More than one-third of all Canadian faculty are part-timers who contribute significantly to academic work while consuming only marginally universities' economic resources. Mythical images of their temporariness in the workforce obfuscate the differences of career aspiration and motivation within the group. Two factors render them invisible or hidden academics: one rooted in the economics of the university system and the second in the ideological structures of academic practices and traditions. In the political economy of universities the relentless drive to manage enrolment, finances, and teaching costs has resulted in a bureaucratic rationalization of the academic workload and a bifurcated academic labour force hierarchically split into full- and part-time faculties with radically different work processes and treatment within universities. Part-timers are now a permanent and low-cost academic workforce, producing a surplus value transferable within the university to compensate for what would otherwise be fiscal shortfall. Degradation of certain workprocesses by rationalizing and de-professionalizing certain academic functions legitimized the academic workforce split in relative pay and job characteristics, which reinforces the evident feminization of the part-time faculty.
This is a preview of subscription content,
to check access.References
Ahmed, M. et al. (1989). ‘Integration of Female Faculty at McMaster’. Status of Women Committee. McMaster University Faculty Association.
Bowen, W. G. and Sosa, J. A. (1989). Prospects for Faculty in the Arts and Sciences. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Braverman, H. (1974). Labour and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Clapp, P. (1987). ‘Part-time Teaching as Career Development’. University of Calgary. Unpublished paper.
Conseil des universités, Quebec (1989). Les Chargés de Cours dans les Universités Québécoises. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Gouvernement du Québec.
Council of Ontario Universities, Toronto (1990). Financial Reports, Ontario Universities 1977–90.
Federation National des Enseignants et Enseignantes du Québec (FNEEQ) (1990). Réplique à L'avis du Conseil des Universités sur les Chargé-e-s de Cours dans les Universités Québécoises. Montreal: FNEEQ-CSN.
Gappa, J. M. (1984). Part-time Faculty: Higher Education at a Crossroads. Washington D.C.: ASHEERIC Higher Education Research Report, No. 3.
Gordon, J. (1987). ‘We tried: A case Study of Ideology and Inertia’. Conference on Part-time Teaching in the University, May 1987, York University, Toronto.
Jencks, C. and Riesman, D. (1968). The Academic Revolution. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
Jones, P. (n.d.). ‘The situation of Chargé-e-s de cours in Quebec’. Fédération nationale des enseignants et des enseignantes du Québec. Unpublished paper.
Katz, D. and Tuckman, H. (1984). ‘Displacement of Full-timers by Part-timers — A Model for Projection’, Economics of Education Review, Summer, pp. 85–90.
Lennards, J. L. (1988). Academic Profession in Canada. Unpublished Data and Summary Report.
Leslie, D. W. (1984). ‘Policies for Part-time Faculty: Developments in Law and Collective Bargaining’. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Association for Higher Education, Chicago.
Lowe, G. S. (1982). ‘Class, Job, and Gender in the Canadian Office’, Labour/Le Travailleur, 10, Autumn 1982, pp. 11–37.
National Center for Education Statistics (1990). 1988 National Survey of Post-secondary Faculty. Washington: U.S. Department of Education, NCES 90–365.
Professional Women's Association (1986). ‘Report of A Study on Part-time Faculty and Staff’. University of Waterloo.
Rajagopal, I. & Farr, W. D. (1988). ‘A Preliminary Report to the Committee on the Status of Women, Council of Ontario Universities: Part-time Faculty in Ontario Universities’. Unpublished.
Rajagopal, I. and Farr, W. D. (1989). ‘The Political Economy of Part-time Academic Work in Canada’, Higher Education, 18, pp. 267–285.
Rajagopal, I. and Farr, W. D. (1990). Part-time Faculty in Ontario Universities, 1987–88, A Survey Research Study commissioned by the Committee on the Status of Women, Council of Ontario Universities.
Shapiro, S. (1991). Book Review of C. W. Barrow (1990), Universities and the Capitalist State, Journal of Higher Education, 62(3), pp. 341–343.
Smith, D. E. (1990). The Conceptual Practices of Power: A Feminist Sociology Of Knowledge. Toronto: University of Toronto.
Tuckman, H. P., Pickerill, K. L. (1988). ‘Part-time Faculty and Part-time Academic Careers’, in Breneman, D. G. (ed.), Academic Labour Markets and Careers. Philadelphia: Falmer Press, pp. 98–113.
Tuckman, H. and Vogler, W. (1978). ‘The “Part” in Part-time Wages’, AAUP Bulletin, Summer, pp. 46–48.
Van Arnsdale, G. (1978). ‘De-professionalizing a Part-time Teaching Faculty: How Many, feeling small, Seeming Few, Getting Less, Dream of More’. The American Sociologist, 13: pp. 195–201.
Weis, L. (n.d.). ‘Falling Through the Cracks: Sessionals in Alberta’. University of Alberta. Unpublished paper.
Zeytinoglu, I. U. & Ahmed, M. (1989). ‘Results of a Survey on Part-time Faculty at McMaster University’. Committee on the Status of Women. McMaster University Faculty Association.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajagopal, I., Farr, W.D. Hidden academics: the part-time faculty in Canada. High Educ 24, 317–331 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00128449
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00128449