Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acute occlusive disorders of the choroidal vasculature

  • Published:
International Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is a review of choroidal vascular occlusive disorders, as revealed by experimental and clinical observations. Available evidence indicates that Elschnig's spot, multifocal acute ischemic choroidopathy, geographic choriodopathy, some of the conditions associated with serous retinal detachment and post-operative outer retinal ischemic necrosis represent acute choroidal ischemic lesions. The various factors which influence the nature and appearance of these lesions are discussed. The role of disturbed circulation of the vortex veins in the production of some major complications following retinal detachment surgery and of choroidal detachment is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aaberg, T.M. & J.M. Maggiano. Choroidal edema associated with retinal detachment repair: experimental and clinical correlation. Mod. Prob. Ophthal., 20: 6–15 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amalric, P. Acute choroidal ischaemia. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 91: 305–322 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Amalric, P. & P. Bonnin. L'angiographie fluoresceinique. Bull. Soc. d'Ophtalmol. de France. Annual Report (1969).

  4. Anderson, D.R. & E.B. Davis. Retina and optic nerve after posterior ciliary artery occlusion. Arch. Ophthal., 92: 422–426 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bird, A.C., J. Anderson & H. Fuglsang. Morphology of posterior segment lesions of the eye in patients with oncho-cerciasis. Brit. J. Ophthal., 60: 2–20 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Brockhurst, R.J. Vortex vein decompression for nanophthalmic uveal effusion. Arch. Ophthal., 98: 1987–1990 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Buettner, H. R. Machemer, S. Charles & D.R. Anderson. Experimental deprivation of choroidal blood flow: retinal morphology, early receptor potential, and electroretinography. Amer. J. Ophthal., 75: 943–952 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bullock, J.D., L.M. Jampol & A.J. Fezza. Two cases of orbital phycomycosis with recovery. Amer. J. Ophthal., 78: 811–815 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Carr, R.E. & I.M. Siegel. Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa. Arch. Ophthal., 90: 21–26 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chignell, A.H. & D.L. Easty. Iris fluorescein photography following retinal detachment and in certain ocular ischaemic disorders. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 91: 243–259 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cogan, D.G. Ocular involvement in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 93: 1–8 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Delaey, J.J. Fluoro-angiographic study of the choroid in man. Doc. Ophthalmol., 45: 1–217 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Deutman, A.F. Acute multifocal ischaemic choroidopathy and the choriocappillaris. Int. Ophthal., 6: 155–160 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dizon, R.V., L.M. Jampol, M.F. Goldberg & C. Juarez. Choroidal occlusive disease in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. Surv. Ophthal., 23: 297–306 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Easty, D.L. & A.H. Chignell. Fluorescein angiography in anterior segment ischemia. Brit. J. Ophthal., 57: 18–26 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fastenberg, D.M., C.L. Fetkenhour, E. Choromokos & D.E. Shoch. Choroidal vascular changes in toxemia of pregnancy. Amer. J. Ophthal., 89: 362–368 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Foulds, W.S., W.R. Lee & W.O.G. Taylor. Clinical and pathological aspects of choroidal ischaemia. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 91: 323–341 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Friedman, E., T.R. Smith, T. Kuwabara & C.K. Beyer. Choroidal vascular patterns in hypertension. Arch. Ophthal., 71: 842–850 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gass, J.D.M. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch. Ophthal., 80: 177–185 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Goldbaum, M.H., S.O. Galinos, D. Apple, G.K. Asdourian, K. Nagpal, L. Jampol, M.B. Woolf & B. Busse. Acute choroidal ischemia as a complication of photocoagulation. Arch. Ophthal., 94: 1025–1034 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hamilton, A.M. & A.C. Bird. Geographical choroidopathy. Brit. J. Ophthal., 58: 784–797 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Harrison, S.M., M. Frenkel, B.J. Grossman & R. Matalon. Retinopathy in childhood dermatomyositis. Amer. J. Ophthal., 76: 786–790 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hayreh, S.S. Long posterior ciliary arteries. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 192: 197–213 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hayreh, S.S. Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature. Brit. J. Ophthal., 59: 631–648 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hayreh, S.S. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Springer Verlag, New York, Heidelberg (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hayreh, S.S. Choroidal arterial occlusive disorders. Doc. Ophthal. Proc. Sem., 9: 211–227 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hayreh, S.S. Acute choroidal ischaemia. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 100: 400–407 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hayreh, S.S. Physiological anatomy of the choroidal vascular bed. Int. Ophthal., 6: 85–93 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hayreh, S.S. Choroidal ischemia. Retina, 2: 191–192 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hayreh, S.S., J.A.B. Baines. Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. II. Chorio-retinal lesions. Brit. J. Ophthal., 56: 736–753 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hayreh, S.S. & J.A.B. Baines. Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. III. Effects on the optic nerve head. Brit. J. Ophthal., 56: 754–764 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hayreh, S.S. & J.A.B. Baines. Occlusion of the vortex veins: an experimental study. Brit. J. Ophthal., 57: 217–238 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hayreh, S.S. & A. Chopdar. Occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery. V. Protective influence of simultaneous vortex vein occlusion. Arch. Ophthal., 100: 1481–1491 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hayreh, S.S. & W.E. Scott. Anterior segment ischemia following retinal detachment surgery. Mod. Probl. Ophthal., 20: 148–153 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hepburn, M.L. Inflammatory and vascular diseases of the choroid. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 32: 361–386 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hepburn, M.L. The role played by the pigment and visual fields in the diagnosis of the fundus. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., 55: 434–477 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Holt, W.S., C.D.J. Regan & C. Trempe. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Amer. J. Ophthal., 81: 403–412 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hyvarinen, L.. A.E. Maumenee, T. George & G.W. Weinstein. Fluorescein angiography of the choriocapillaris. Amer. J. Ophthal., 67: 653–666 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Jacklin, H.N. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and thyroiditis. Arch. Ophthal., 95: 995–997 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jampol, L.M., M. Goldbaum, M. Rosenberg & R. Bahr. Ischemia of ciliary arterial circulation from ocular compression. Arch. Ophthal., 93: 1311–1317 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Jampol, L.M., M. Lahav, D.M. Albert & J. Craft. Ocular clinical findings and basement membrane changes in Goodpasture's syndrome. Amer. J. Ophthal., 79: 452–463 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kirkham, T.H., T.J. Ffytche & M.D. Sanders. Placoid pigment epitheliopathy with retinal vasculitis and papillitis. Brit. J. Ophthal., 56: 875–880 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Klien, B.A. Ischemic infarcts of the choroid (Elschnig spots): A cause of retinal separation in hypertensive disease with renal insufficiency - A clinical and histopathologic study. Amer. J. Ophthal., 66: 1069–1074 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Koshibu, A. & S. Itotagawa. Disruption and repair of blood-retinal barrier at the retinal pigment epithelium after experimentally produced choroidal circulatory disturbance. Acta. Soc. Ophth. Jap., 84: 721–735 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  45. McLeod, D., J. Marshall & E.M. Kohner. Role of axoplasmic transport in the pathophysiology of ischaemic disc swelling. Brit. J. Ophthal., 64: 247–261 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Miki, K. & H. Ohkuma. Damage and recovery of visual cells after experimental choroidal circulatory disturbance. 1. Degenerative changes in early stage. Acta Soc. Ophth. Jap., 84: 939–952 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Oosterhuis, J.A. The architecture of the choroidal vascular system in clinical Opthalmology. Acta XXIII Conc. Ophthal. Kyoto, pp. 242–248 (1979).

  48. Parrish, R., J.D.M. Gass & D.R. Anderson. Outer retinal ischemic necrosis: A post-operative complication. Opthalmology. (In Press).

  49. Priluck, I.A., D.M. Robertson & H. Buettner. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch. Ophthal., 99: 1560–1562 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Robertson, D.M. Anterior segment ischemia after segmental episcleral buckling and cryopexy. Amer. J. Ophthal., 79: 871–874 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Rosenblum, P.D., R.G. Michels, W.J. Stark & H.R. Taylor. Choroidal ischemia after extra capsular cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. Retina, 1: 263–270 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Savino, P.J., R.J. Weinberg, J.G. Yassin & A.R. Pilkerton. Diverse manifestations of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Amer. J. Ophthal., 77: 659–62 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sigelman, J. M. Behrens & S. Hilal. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with cerebral vasculitis and homonymous hemianopia. Amer. J. Ophthal., 88: 919–924 (1979).

  54. Stern, W.H. & J.T. Ernest. Microsphere occlusion of the choriocapillaris in rhesus monkeys. Amer. J. Ophthal., 78: 438–448 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ueno, S., M. Ohta & I. Tsukahara. Ultrastructural observations of the retinal pigment epithelial cells following experimental occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery in the rhesus monkey. IV. Comparative study between fluorescein angiographic and morphological changes. Acta Soc. Ophth. Jap., 83: 56–71 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Uraguchi, K. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the retinal pigment epithelium in disturbance of choroidal circulation. I. Normal picture and early changes. Acta Soc. Ophth. Jap., 84: 438–448 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Uyama, M., S. Itotagawa, K. Uraguchi, H. Ohkuma. K. Miki & A. Koshibu. Pathology of choroidal circulatory disturbance. Part 2. Deprivation of the choroidal blood flow and its recovery, an experimental study. Acta Soc. Ophth. Jap., 84: 1910–1923 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Uyama, M., H. Ohkuma, K. Miki, A. Koshibu, K. Uraguchi & S. Itotagawa. Pathology of choroidal circulatory disturbance. Part 3. Deprivation of the choroidal blood flow and its recovery, an experimental study. Acta Soc. Ophth. Jap., 84: 1924–1946 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Wright, B.E., A.C. Bird & A.M. Hamilton. Placoid pigment epitheliopathy and Harada's disease. Brit. J. Ophthal., 62: 609–621 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Young, N.J.A., A.C. Bird & K. Sehmi. Pigment epithelial diseases with abnormal choroidal perfusion. Amer. J. Ophthal., 90: 607–618 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Opthalmology, University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Sohan Singh Hayreh

Authors
  1. Sohan Singh Hayreh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hayreh, S.S. Acute occlusive disorders of the choroidal vasculature. Int Ophthalmol 6, 139–148 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00127642

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00127642

Keywords

Search

Navigation