References
Wasserman K, editor, Exercise Gas Exchange in Heart Disease. Armonk, NY: Futura, 1996.
Page E, Cohen-Solal A, Jondeau G, Douard H, Roul G, Kantelip JP et al. Comparison of treadmill and bicycle exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Chest 1994; 106:1002–1006.
Pollock ML, Wilmore JH, Fox SM. Health and Fitness Through Physical Activity. New York: Wiley, 1978.
Weber KT, Janicki JS, editors. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Physiologic Principles and Clinical Applications. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1986.
Clark AL, Poole-Wilson PA, Coats AJS. Effects of motivation of the patient on indices of exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. Br Heart J 1994;71:162–165.
Dickstein K, Barvik S, Aarsland T, Snapinn S. Reproducibility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in men following myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1985;9:948–954.
Matsumura N, Nishijima H, Kojima S, Hashimoto F, Minami M, Yasuda H. Determination of anaerobic threshold for assessment of functional state in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 1983;68:350–367.
Weber KT, Kinasewitz GT, Janicki JS, Fishman AP. Oxygen utilization and ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic cardiac failure. Circulation 1982;65:1213–1223.
Weber KT, Kinasewitz GT, West JS, Janicki JS, Reichek N, Fishman AP. Long-term vasodilation therapy with trimazosin in chronic cardiac failure. N Engl J Med 1980;303:242–250.
Szlachcic J, Massie BM, Kramer BL, Topic N, Tubau J. Correlates and prognostic implication of exercise capacity in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:1037–1042.
Wilson JR, Ferraro N. Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic left heart failure: relation to oxygen transport and ventilatory abnormalities. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1358–1363.
Metra M, Raddino R, Dei Cas L, Visioli O. Assessment of peak oxygen consumption, lactate and ventilatory thresh-olds and correlation with resting and exercise hemodynamic data in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65:1127–1133.
Franciosa JA, Leddy CL, Wilen M, Schwartz DE. Relation between hemodynamic and ventilatory responses in determining exercise capacity in severe congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:127–134.
Weber KT, Janicki JS. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for evaluation of chronic cardiac failure. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:22A-31A.
Weber KT, Janicki JS. Lactate production during maximal and submaximal exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:717–724.
Sullivan MJ, Knight JD, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Relation between central and peripheral hemodynamics during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Muscle blood flow is reduced with maintenance of arterial perfusion pressure. Circulation 1989;80:769–781.
Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Increased exercise ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure: intact ventilatory control despite hemodynamic and pulmonary abnormalities. Circulation 1988;77:552–559.
Mancini DM, Eisen H, Kussmaul W, Mull R, Edmunds LHJr, Wilson JR. Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Circulation 1991;83:778–786.
Sevenson LW. Role of exercise testing in the evaluation of candidates for cardiac transplantation. In: Wasserman K, editor. Exercise Gas Exchange in Heart Disease. Armonk, NY: Futura, 1996:271–286.
Likoff MJ, Chandler SL, Kay HR. Clinical determinants of mortality in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:634–638.
Cohn JN, Rector TS. Prognosis of congestive heart failure and predictors of mortality. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:25A-30A.
Mudge GH, Goldstein S, Addonizio LJ, Caplan A, Mancini D, Levine TB, et al. 24th Bethesda conference: Cardiac transplantation. Task Force 3: Recipient guidelines/prioritization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:21–31.
Kitzman DW, Sheikh KH, Beere PA, Philips JL, Higginbotham MB. Age-related alterations of Doppler left ventricular filling indexes in normal subjects are independent of left ventricular mass, heart rate, contractility and loading conditions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:1243–1250.
Kao AC, VanTrigt PIII, Shaeffer-McCall GS, Shaw JP, Kuzil BB, Page RD, et al. Central and peripheral limitations to upright exercise in untrained cardiac transplant recipients. Circulation 1994;89:2605–2615.
Higginbotham MB. Diastolic dysfunction and exercise gas exchange. In: Wasserman K, editor. Exercise Gas Exchange in Heart Disease. Armonk, NY: Futura, 1996:39–54.
Weber KT, Litkoff MJ, McCarthy D. Low dose beta blockade in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure. Am Heart J 1982;104:877–879.
Treese N. Exercise gas exchange to evaluate cardiac pacemaker function. In: Wasserman K, editor. Exercise Gas Exchange in Heart Disease. Armonk, NY: Futura, 1996:257–270.
Benditt DG, Mianulli M, Fetter J, Benson DWJr, Dunnigan A, Molina E, et al. Single-chamber cardiac pacing with activity-initiated chronotropic response: evaluation by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation 1987;75:184–191.
Rossi P, Rognoni G, Occhetta E, Aina F, Prando MD, Plicchi G, et al. Respiration-dependent ventricular pacing compared with fixed ventricular and atrial-ventricular synchronous pacing: aerobic and hemodynamic variables. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:646–652.
Rossi P, Prando MD, Occhetta E, Aina F, Rognoni G, Magnani A. Influence of heart rate on anaerobic threshold. Adv Cardiol 1986;35:108–114.
Kay GN, Bubien RS, Epstein AE, Plumb VJ. Rate-modulated cardiac pacing based on transthoracic impedance measurements of minute ventilation: correlation with exercise gas exchange. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:1283–1289.
Gorlin R, Sawyer CG, Haynes FW, Goodale WT, Dexter L. Effects of exercise on circulatory dynamics in mitral stenosis. Am Heart J 1951;41:192–203.
Ross J, Gault JH, Mason DT, Linhart JW, Braunwald E. Left ventricular performance during muscular exercise in patients with and without cardiac dysfunction. Circulation 1966;34:597–608.
Donald KW, Bishop JM, Wade OL. A study of minute to minute changes of arteriovenous oxygen content difference, oxygen uptake and cardiac output and rate of achievement of a steady state during exercise in rheumatic heart disease. J Clin Invest 1954;33:1146–1167.
Older P, Smith R, Courtney P, Hone R. Preoperative evaluation of cardiac failure and ischemia in elderly patients by cardiopulmonary exercies testing. Chest 1993;104:701–704.
Smith TP, Kinasewitz GT, Tucker WY, Spillers WP, George RB. Exercise capacity as a predictor of post-thoracotomy morbidity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:730–734.
Bechard D, Wetstein L. Assessment of oxygen consumption as a preoperative criterion for lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44:344–349.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weber, K.T. Evaluation of chronic cardiac and circulatory failure by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Heart Failure Rev 1, 235–248 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00127405
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00127405