References
Ayala, F.J., J.R.Powell, M.L.Tracey, C.A.Mourãao & S.Pérez-Salas (1972). Enzyme variability in the Drosophila willistoni group. IV. Genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila willistoni. Genetics 70: 113–139.
Ayala, F.J., M.L.Tracey, L.G.Barr, J.F.McDonald & S.Pérez-Salas (1974). Genetic variation in natural populations of five Drosophila species and the hypothesis of the selective neutrality of protein polymorphisms. Genetics 77: 343–384.
Berger, E.M. (1971). A temporal survey of allelic variation in natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 67: 121–136.
Bijlsma-Meeles, E. & W.vanDelden (1974). Intra-and interpopulation selection concerning the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, Lond. 247: 369–371.
Briscoe, D.A., A.Robertson & J.M.Malpica (1975). Dominance at Adh locus in response of adult Drosophila melanogaster to environmental alcohol. Nature, Lond. 255: 148–149.
Bush, G.L., R.W.Neck & G.B.Kitto (1976). Serewworm eradication: inadvertent selection for noncompetitive ecotypes during mass rearing. Science 193: 491–492.
Campbell, J.A. (1948). The life history and development of the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus in Scotland, under natural and controlled conditions. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.
Chefurka, W., Y.Horie & J.R.Robinson (1970). Contribution of the pentose cycle to glucose metabolism by insects. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 143–165.
Clarke, B. (1975). The contribution of ecological genetics to evolutionary theory: detecting the direct effects of natural selection on particular polymorphic loci. Genetics 79: 101–113.
Collier, G.E. & R.J.MacIntyre (1977). Low specific activity of rare allozymes of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila. Nature, Lond. 267: 839–841.
Day, T.H., P.C.Hillier & B.Clarke (1974a). Properties of genetically polymorphic isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 11: 141–153.
Day, T.H., P.C.Hillier & B.Clarke (1974b). The relative quantities and catalytic activities of enzymes produced by alleles at the alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 11: 155–165.
Day, T.H. & L.Needham (1974). Properties of alcohol dehydrogenase in a strain of Drosophila melanogaster homozygous for the Adh-slow allele. Biochem. Genet. 11: 167–175.
deJong, G., A.J.W.Hoorn, G.E.W.Thörig & W.Scharloo (1972). Frequencies of amylase variants in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature Lond. 238: 453–454.
deJong, G. & W.Scharloo (1976). Environmental determination of selective significance or neutrality of amylase variants in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 84: 77–94.
Gibson, J. (1970). Enzyme flexibility in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, Lond. 227: 959–960.
Healy, J.A. (1976). Isozyme systems in the tick Ixodes ricinus. Ph.D. thesis, National University of Ireland.
Healy, J.A. Phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in the tick Ixodes ricinus. Parasitology, in press.
Johnson, F.M. & H.E.Schaffer (1973). Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VII. Genotype-environment relationships in populations of D. melanogaster from the eastern U.S. Biochem. Genet. 10: 149–163.
Johnson, G.B. (1975). Enzyme polymorphism and adaptation. Stadler Genet. Symp. 7: 91–116.
Johnson, G.B. (1976). Polymorphism and predictability at the α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus in Colias butterflies: gradients in allele frequency within single populations. Biochem. Genet. 14: 403–426.
Kaiser, M.N. (1966). The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea, Argasidae, Argas), 3. The life cycle of A. (P) arboreus, and a standardized rearing method for argasid ticks. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 59: 496–502.
Kimura, M. & T.Ohta (1971). Protein polymorphism as a phase of molecular evolution. Nature, Lond. 229: 467–469.
Kojima, K. (1971). Is there a constant fitness for a given genotype? No! Evolution 25: 281–285.
Lees, A.D. (1946). Water balance in Ixodes ricinus L. and certain other species of ticks. Parasitology 37: 1–20.
Lewontin, R.C. (1974). The genetic basis of evolutionary change. Columbia University Press. New York. 246 pp.
MacLeod, J. (1962). Ticks and disease in domestic stock in Great Britain. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 6: 29–50.
Miller, S., R.W.Pearey & E.Berger (1975). Polymorphism at the α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster. 1. Properties of adult allozymes. Biochem. Genet. 13: 175–188.
Milne, A. (1945). The ecology of the shoep tick, Ixodes ricinus L. The seasonal activity in Britain with particular reference to Northern England. Parasitology 36: 142–152.
Milne, A. (1945). The ecology of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L. Microhabitat economy of the adult tick. Parasitology 40: 14–34.
Morgan, P. (1975). Selection acting directly on an enzyme polymorphism. Heredity 34: 124–127.
Newsholme, E.A. & C.Start (1973). Regulation in metabolism. Wiley, Lond. 349 pp.
O'Brien, S.J. & R.J.MacIntyre (1972). The α-glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Genetic aspects. Genetics 71: 127–138.
Sackter, B. (1970). Regulation of intermediary metabolism, with special reference to control mechanisms in insect flight muscle. Adv. Insect Physiol. 7: 267–347.
Sclander, R.K. & D.W.Kaufman (1973). Genie variability and strategies of adaptation in animals. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70: 1875–1877.
Shaw, C.R. & R.Prasad (1970). Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes—a compilation of recipes. Biochem. Genet. 4: 297–320.
Thompson, J.N. & T.N.Kaiser (1977). Selection acting upon slow-migrating ADH alleles differing in enzyme activity. Heredity 38: 191–195.
VanDelden, W., A.Kamping & H.vanDijk (1975). Selection at the alcoholdehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Experientia 31: 418–420.
Vigue, C.L. & F.M.Johnson (1973). Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VI. Frequency-property-environment relationships of allelic alcohol dehydrogenases in D. melanogaster, Biochem. Genet. 9: 213–227.
Walton, G.A. & T.G.O'Donnell (1969). Observations on Ixodes ricinus and louping-ill virus in Ireland. In Proc. 2nd int. Congr. Acar. 1967, G.O.Evans (ed.), Akad. Kaido, Budapest.
Wills, C. & L.Nichols (1972). How genetic background masks single-gene heterosis. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69: 323–325.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Healy, J.A. Analysis of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase variability in the tick ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae). Genetica 50, 19–30 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122675
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122675