Abstract
The effect of small In additions on oxide structure and porcelain adherence to Au−Pd alloys was studied. In was oxidized internally as In2O3. No uniform external oxide layer could be seen. Small In addition (1 at %) did not have any detectable effect on porcelain adherence (≈12 MPa), whereas higher In concentration (5 at %) caused significant increase in bond strength (≈26 MPa). This increase was probably a result of higher In2O3 concentration at the surface.
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Hautaniemi, J.A. The effect of indium on porcelain bonding between porcelain and Au−Pd−In alloy. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 6, 46–50 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121247
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121247