Abstract
This paper describes the similarity between atmospheric fluctuations of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature using data which cover a wide range of instability (0.02 < ζΝ < 10). The ζΝ is the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter including the humidity effect.
The spectral analysis shows that the coherency between fluctuations of carbon dioxide and water vapor or temperature is very close to unity, and the phase difference is basically out of phase for whole frequency ranges analyzed. The stability dependence of the normalized standard deviation of carbon dioxide is very similar to those of water vapor and temperature. The normalized standard deviation is about 2.5 under near neutral conditions, and it decreases with increasing instability following the -1/3; power law as (-ζΝ)-1/3. The skewness factors of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature show a systematic departure with increasing instabilities for 0.02 < s-ζΝ < 1, and level off at high instabilities for 1 < -\s ζΝ < 10. The stability dependence of the flatness factors is not so clear as that noted in the standrard deviation and skewness factors. Dissipation rates of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature variance are well related to the spectral peak wavelength. This seems to be real since the local production and local dissipation rates are the main terms, almost balancing one another in the variance budget equations for scalar entities.
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Ohtaki, E. On the similarity in atmospheric fluctuations of carbon dioxide, water vapor and temperature over vegetated fields. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 32, 25–37 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120712
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120712