Abstract
A model that couples the surface energy balance equation, a surface hydraulic resistance equation, and the force-restore soil temperature model to a mixed-layer model of the planetary boundary layer is described. The mixed layer is separated from the soil by a relatively thin surface layer and is overlain by a stable free atmosphere with prescribed profiles of potential temperature and water vapour density. The model is in reasonably good agreement with daytime micrometeorological measurements made at a wet bare site at Agassiz, British Columbia, and a desert site at Pampa de La Joya, Peru. The sensitivity of the mixed-layer model to conditions in the free atmosphere, to the parameters describing the growth of the mixed layer, and to surface roughness lengths, surface hydraulic resistance, and windspeed is examined.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Binkowski, F. S.: 1983, ‘A Simple Model for the Diurnal Variation of the Mixing Depth and Transport Flow’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 27, 217–236.
Brutsaert, W. H.: 1982, Evaporation into the Atmosphere, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
Buchan, G. D.: 1982, ‘Predicting Bare Soil Temperature. I. Theory and Models for the Multi-day Mean Diurnal Variation’, J. Soil Sci. 33, 185–197.
Deardorff, J. W.: 1978, ‘Efficient Prediction of Ground Surface Temperature and Moisture, with Inclusion of a Layer of Vegetation’, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1889–1903.
de Bruin, H. A. R.: 1983, ‘A Model for the Priestley-Taylor α’, J. Climate and Appl. Meteorol. 22, 572–578.
Driedonks, A. G. M.: 1982a, ‘Sensitivity Analysis of the Equations for a Convective Mixed Layer’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 22, 475–480.
Driedonks, A. G. M.: 1982b, ‘Models and Observations of the Growth of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 23, 283–306.
Estoque, M. A.: 1973, ‘Numerical Modelling of the Planetary Boundary Layer’, in D. A. Haugen (ed.), Workshop on Micrometeorology, Am. Met. Soc., Boston, MA, pp. 217–270.
Fuchs, M. and Tanner, C. B.: 1967, ‘Evaporation from a Drying Soil’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 6, 852–857.
Fuchs, M. and Tanner, C. B.: 1968, ‘Evaporation from Drying Surfaces by the Combination Method’, Agron. J. 61, 22–26.
Hammel, J. E., Papendick, R. I., and Campbell, G. S.: 1981, ‘Fallow Tillage Effects on Evaporation and Seedzone Water Content in a Dry Summer Climate’, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45, 1016–1022.
Idso, S. B.: 1980, ‘On the Apparent Incompatability of Different Atmospheric Thermal Radiation Data Sets’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 375–376.
Kuo, H. L.: 1968, ‘The Thermal Interaction Between the Atmosphere and the Earth and Propagation of Diurnal Temperature Waves’, J. Atmos. Sci. 25, 682–706.
Kustas, W. P. and Brutsaert, W.: 1987, ‘Virtual Heat Entrainment in the Mixed Layer over very Rough Terrain’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 38, 141–157.
Lettau, H.: 1951, ‘Theory of Surface-Temperature and Heat-Transfer Oscillations Near a Level Ground Surface’, Trans. Am. Geophys. U. 32, 189–200.
McNaughton, K. G. and Black, T. A.: 1973, ‘A Study of Evapotranspiration from a Douglas Fir Forest Using the Energy Balance Approach’, Water Resour. Res. 9, 1579–1590.
McNaughton, K. G. and Spriggs, T. W.: 1986, ‘A Mixed-Layer Model for Regional Evaporation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 34, 243–262.
Novak, M. D.: 1986, ‘Theoretical Values of Daily Atmospheric and Soil Thermal Admittances’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 34, 17–34.
Novak, M. D.: 1989, ‘The Use of Analytical Solutions to Determine the Evapotranspiration from Bare and Vegetated Surfaces’, in T. A. Black, D. L. Spittlehouse, M. D. Novak, and D. T. Price (eds.), Estimation of Areal Evopotranspiration, IAHS Publ. no. 177, Wallingford, UK, pp. 133–152.
Novak, M. D. and Black, T. A.: 1983, ‘The Surface Heat Flux Density of a Bare Soil’, Atmos.-Ocean 21, 431–443.
Novak, M. D. and Black, T. A.: 1985, ‘Theoretical Determination of the Surface Energy Balance and Thermal Regimes of Bare Soils’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 33, 313–333.
Pan, H.-L. and Mahrt, L.: 1987, ‘Interaction Between Soil Hydrology and Boundary-Layer Development’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 38, 185–202.
Paulson, C. A.: 1970, ‘The Mathematical Representation of Wind Speed and Temperature Profiles in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer’, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 311–337.
Sasamori, T.: 1970, ‘A Numerical Study of Atmospheric and Soil Boundary Layers’, J. Atmos. Sci. 27, 1122–1137.
Stathers, R. J., Black, T. A., and Novak, M. D.: 1988, ‘Modelling Surface Energy Fluxes and Temperatures in Dry and Wet Bare Soils’, Atmos.-Ocean 26, 59–73.
Stearns, C. R.: 1966, ‘Micrometeorological Studies in the Coastal Desert of Southern Peru’, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Stearns, C. R.: 1978, ‘Micrometeorological Instrumentation and Data Analysis’, in H. H. Lettau and K. Lettau (eds.), Exploring the World's Driest Climate, Center for Climatic Research, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, pp. 30–53.
Steyn, D. G. and Oke, T. R.: 1982, ‘The Depth of the Daytime Mixed Layer at Two Coastal Sites: A Model and Its Validation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 24, 161–180.
Tennekes, H. and Driedonks, A. G. M.: 1981, ‘Basic Entrainment Equations for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 20, 515–531.
Troen, I. and Mahrt, L.: 1986, ‘A Simple Model of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Sensitivity to Surface Evaporation’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 37, 129–148.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Novak, M.D. Application of a mixed-layer model to bare soil surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 56, 141–161 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119965
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119965