Abstract
The budget equation for carbon dioxide variance can be represented by production, dissipation and flux divergence terms. Each term is measured under near neutral to moderately unstable conditions over vegetated fields. The flux divergence term is about an order of magnitude smaller than production and dissipation terms, though it shows a loss for 0.006 < ζ v < 1 and a gain for 1 < - ζ v < 10. Here, ζ v is the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter including humidity effect. As expected from a closure of the budget, the nondimensional production and dissipation terms are basically identical and represented by the same functional form: (1–16 ζ v )−1/2.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bradley, E. F., Antonia, R. A., and Chambers, A. J.: 1981, ‘Temperature Structure in the Atmospheric Surface Layer’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 20, 275–292.
Champagne, F. H., Friehe, C. A., and LaRue, J. C.: 1977, ‘Flux Measurements, Flux Estimation Techniques, and Fine-Scale Turbulence Measurements in the Unstable Surface Layer Over Land’, J. Atmos. Sci. 34, 515–530.
Dyer, A. J. and Hicks, B. B.: 1970, ‘Flux-Gradient Relationships in the Constant Flux Layer’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 96, 715–721.
Hicks, B. B. and Dyer, A. J.: 1972, ‘The Spectral Density Technique for the Determination of Eddy Fluxes’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 838–844.
Kaimal, J. C., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y., and Coté, O. R.: 1972, ‘Spectral Characteristics of Surface-Layer Turbulence’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 563–589.
Monji, N.: 1973, ‘Budgets of Turbulent Energy and Temperature Variance in the Transition Zone from Forced to Free Convection’, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 51, 133–145.
Ohtaki, E.: 1980, ‘Turbulent Transport of Carbon Dioxide over a Paddy Field’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 19, 315–336.
Ohtaki, E.: 1982, ‘The Kolmogorov Constant for Carbon Dioxide in the Atmospheric Surface Layer over a Paddy Field’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 23, 153–159.
Ohtaki, E.: 1984, ‘Application of an Infrared Carbon Dioxide and Humidity Instrument to Studies of Turbulent Transport’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. (in press).
Ohtaki, E. and Matsui, T.: 1982, ‘Infrared Device for Simultaneous Measurement of Fluctuations of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 24, 109–119.
Ohtaki, E. and Seo, T.: 1976, ‘Infrared Device for Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Fluctuations under Field Conditions. II. Double Beam System’, Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol. Okayama Univ. 16, 183–190.
Paquin, J. E. and Pond, S.: 1971, ‘The Determination of the Third-Order Structure Functions’, J. Fluid Mech. 50, 257–269.
Raupach, M. R.: 1978, ‘Infrared Fluctuation Hygrometry in the Atmospheric Surface Layer’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 104, 309–322.
Silverman, B. A.: 1968, ‘The Effect of Spatial Averaging on Spectrum Estimation’, J. Appl. Meteorol. 7, 168–172.
Williams, R. M. and Paulson, C. A.: 1977, ‘Microscale Temperature and Velocity Spectra in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer’, J. Fluid Mech. 83, 547–567.
Wyngaard, J. C. and Coté, O. R.: 1971, ‘The Budgets of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Temperature Variance in the Atmospheric Surface Layer’, J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 190–201.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ohtaki, E. The budget of carbon dioxide variance in the surface layer over vegetated fields. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 29, 251–261 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119791
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119791