The effect of Ca on the uptake of Cd by root and leaves of Salvinia molesta was investigated at different time intervals and under different photoperiods. For detailed study on uptake and interaction, 15Ca and 109Cd were used and it was found that there was a higher uptake of 45Ca in the root and leaves at 48 h and a concurrent reduction in 109Cd content at 48 h suggesting alterations in Ca functions due to the phytotoxicity of Cd. Ultrastructural changes due to cadmium toxicity included swirling of thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts as well as detachment of the tips of trichomes from the leaf.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barcelo J. and Poschenrieder C.H. (1990) Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: a review. J. Plant Nutr. 13, 1–37.
Baszynski T., Wajda L., Krol M., Wolinska D., Krupa Z. and Tukendrof A. (1980) Photosynthesis activities of cadmium treated tomato plants. Physiol. Plant. 48, 365–70.
Chawla G., Singh J. and Viswanathan P.N. (1991) Effect of pH and temperature on the uptake of cadmium by L. minor. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 47, 84–90.
Duret S., Bonaly J., Bariaud A., Vannereau A. and Mestre J.C. (1986) Cadmium induced ultrastructural changes in Euglena cells. Environ. Res. 39, 96–193.
EPA (1975) Recommended test protocols: approach for evaluation of toxicity to aquatic vascular plants. In: Rubinstein R, et al. (eds) Test methods for assessing the effects of chemicals on plants. Washington DC: EPA-560–5–75–008, final report, US Environmental Protection Agency, pp. 3–117, 3–120.
Fisher R.A. (1950) Statistical Methods for Research Work, 11th edition. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Franzin W.G. and McFarlane G.A. (1980) An analysis of the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum exalbescens as an indicator of the metal contamination of aquatic ecosystem near a base metal smelter. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24, 597–605.
Ghoshroy S. and Nadakavukaren M.J. (1990) Influence of cadmium on the ultrastructure of developing chloroplasts in soyabean and corn. Exp. Environ. Bot. 30, 187–92.
Gipps J.F. and Coller B.A.W. (1982) Effect of some nutrient cations on uptake of cadmium by Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 33, 979–87.
Gupta M. and Devi S. (1992) Cadmium sensitivity inducing structural responses in Salvinia molesta Mitchell. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 49, 436–43.
Hayat M.A. (1981) Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy, Vol. I. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.
Huebert D.B. and Shay J.M. (1991) The effect of cadmium and its interaction with external calcium in submerged aquatic macrophyte Lemna trisulca L.. Aquat. Toxicol. 20, 57–71.
Kauss H. (1987) Some aspects of calcium dependent regulation in plant metabolism. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38, 47–72.
Kessels B.G.F., Belde P.J.M. and Borst-Pauwells G.W.F.H. (1985) Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Cd2+ toxicity by Ca2+. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 2533–7.
Khan D.H., Duckett J.G., Fankland B. and Kirkhan J.B. (1984) An X-ray microanalytical study of the distribution of cadmium in roots of Zea mays L. J. Plant Physiol 115, 19–28.
McLean M.W. and Williamson F.B. (1977) Cadmium accumulation by the marine red alga Porphyra umbilicalis. Physiol. Plant. 41, 268–72.
Orrenius S., McConkey D.J., Bellomo G. and Nicotera P. (1989) Role of the Ca2+ in toxic cell killing. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10, 281–5.
Polar E. and Kucukcezzar R. (1986) Influence of some metal chelators and light regimes on bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cd in duckweed (Lemna gibba). Physiol. Plant. 66, 87–93.
Rasico N., Veccha F.D., Ferretti M., Merlo L. and Ghisi R. (1993) Some effects of cadmium on maize plants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 25, 244–9.
Rauser W.E. and Ackerley C.A. (1987) Localization of cadmium in granules within differentiating and mature root cells. Can J. Bot. 65, 643–6.
Sela M., Fritz E., Huttermann A. and Tel-Or E. (1990) Studies on cadmium localization in the water fern Azolla. Physiol. Plant. 79, 547–53.
Stobart A.R., Griffiths W.T., Bukhari J.A. and Shewood R.P. (1985) The effect of the Cd2+ on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves of barley. Physiol. Plant. 63, 293–8.
Van Balen E., Van DeGeijn S.C. and Desmet G.M. (1980) Autoradiography evidence for the incorporation of cadmium into calcium oxalate crystals. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzen Physiol. 97, 123–33.
Vazquez M.D., Poschenrieder C.H. and Barcelo J. (1992) Ultrastructural effects and localization of low cadmium concentration in bean roots. New Phytol. 120, 215–26.
Viarengo A. and Nicotera P. (1991) Possible role of Ca2+ in heavy metal cytotoxicity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1000, 81–4.
Weigel H.J. and Jager H.J. (1980) Subcellular distribution and chemical form of cadmium in bean plants. Plant Physiol. Lancaster 65, 480–2.
Wu J.T. and Lorenzen H. (1984) Effect of copper on photosynthesis in synchronous Chlorella cells. Bot. Bull. Academia Sinica 25, 125–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, J., Viswanathan, P., Gupta, P. et al. Changes in uptake of calcium caused by phytotoxicity of cadmium in Salvinia molesta . Ecotoxicology 5, 9–21 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116320
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116320