Abstract
Amblytropidia australis and Dichroplus elongatus were found to be polymorphic for supernumerary heterochromatin. In both, basic karyotypes are 2n=22+XO in males.
Mitotically unstable extra chromosomes were detected in a population of A. australis. The Bs are telocentric and their number varies from O to 2 within individuals. Mean frequencies of interstitial and total chiasmata at diplotene were compared between individuals with and without Bs. The mean frequency of interstitial chiasmata increases with the number of Bs per cell.
A supernumerary terminal segment in S10 pair was observed in a heterozygous condition in several individuals of D. elongatus. The localization and frequency of chiasmata at diplotene were studied. The segment has an intrachromosomal effect since it modifies the location of chiasmata in the bivalent involved.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bidau, C. J. & Hasson, E., 1984. Population cytology of Leptysma argentina Bruner (Leptysminae, Acrididae). Genetica 62: 161–175.
Camacho, J. P., Carballo, A. R. & Cabrera, J., 1980. The B-chromosome system of the grasshopper eyprepoenemis plorans subsp. plorans (Charpentier). Chromosoma 80: 163–176.
Confalonieri, V. A. & Bidau, C. J., 1986. The B-chromosomes of two species of Cylindrotettix (Leptysminae: Acrididae). Genetica 68: 87–95.
Fontana, P. G. & Vickery, V. R., 1974. Heterochromatin content and chiasma distribution in the megameric chromosomes of Stethophyma gracilis and S. lineatum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Chromosoma 46: 375–395.
Hewitt, G. M., 1973. The integration of supernumerary chromosomes into the Orthopteran genoma. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 38: 183–194.
Hewitt, G. M., 1979. Orthoptera. Animal Cytogenetics 3: Insecta 1. Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart.
Hewitt, G. M. & Brown, F. M., 1970. The B-chromosome system of Myrmeleotettix maculatus. V. A steep cline in East Anglia. Heredity 25: 363–371.
Hewitt, G. M. & John, B., 1967. The B-chromosome system of Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunb.) (Acrididae: Orthoptera). III. The statistics. Chromosoma 21: 140–162.
Hewitt, G. M. & John, B., 1968. Parallel polymorphism for supernumerary segments in Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt). Chromosoma 25: 319–342.
John, B., 1973. The cytogenetic system of grasshoppers and locusts. II. The origin and evolution of supernumerary segments. Chromosoma 44: 123–146.
John, B., 1981. Heterochromatin variation in natural populations. Chromosomes Today 7: 128–137.
John, B., 1984. The role of chromosome change in the evolution of orthopteroid insects. In: Sharma, A. K. & Sharma, A. M. (eds.) Chromosomes in evolution of eukaryotic groups. C. R. C. Press, Florida, pp. 1–114.
John, B. & Hewitt, G. M., 1965a. The B chromosome system of Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunb.). I. The mechanics. Chromosoma 16: 548–578.
John, B. & Hewitt, G. M., 1965b. The B chromosome system of Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunb.). II. The statics. Chromosoma 17: 121–138.
John, B. & King, M., 1977. Heterochromatin variation in Cryptobothrus chrysophorus. II. Patterns of C-Banding. Chromosoma 65: 59–79.
John, B. & King, M., 1980. Heterochromatin variation in Chryptobothrus chrysophorus. III. Synthetic hybrids. Chromosoma 78: 165–186.
John, B. & King, M., 1982. Meiotic effect of supernumerary heterochromatin in Heteropternis obscurella. Chromosoma 85: 39–65.
John, B. & Miklos, G. L. G., 1979. Functional aspects of heterochromatin and satellite DNA. Int. Rev. Cytol. 40: 1–100.
Jones, R. N. & Rees, H., 1982. B-chromosomes. Academic Press Inc., London.
Lafuente, N. & Guerra, R., 1977. Citotaxonomía de cuatro especies de Dichroplus. An. Mus. Hist. nat. Valparaíso 10: 205–210.
Levan, A., Fredga, K. & Sandberg, A. A., 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position of chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 201–220.
López-Fernández, C., Rufas, J. S. & Gosálvez, L., 1982. Non-random segregation during anaphase II in an individual of Arcyptera tornosi (Bol.) (Orthoptera) heterozygous for three supernumerary heterochromatic segments. Genetica 60: 37–39.
Nur, U., 1963. A mitotically unstable supernumerary chromosome with an accumulation mechanism in a grasshopper. Chromosoma 14: 407–422.
Nur, U., 1969. Mitotic instability leading to an accumulation of B-chromosomes in grasshoppers. Chromosoma 27: 143–167.
Puertas, M. J., 1975. B-chromosomes. Ser. Monogr. Depto. Genética, Fac. Biol., Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Vol. 2.
Remis, M. I. & Vilardi, J. C., 1987. Meiotic behaviour and dosage effect of B-chromosomes on recombination in Dichroplus elongatus. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Caryologia 39: 287–301.
Rothfelds, K. & Procunier, B., 1975. B-chromosomes of Neopodismopsis abdominalis (Acrididae). Chromosoma 52: 137–148.
Rufas, J. S., Suja, J. A. & García de la Vega, C., 1986. Generation by a polymorphic supernumerary segment of recombination in a normally achiasmate proximal region in Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 28: 433–438.
Sáez, F. A., 1930–1932. Organización y número de cromosomas en los ortópteros de America del Sud. Congr. Intern. Biol. Montevideo, Secc. Citología, Histología, Embriología y Anatomía, 1–8 (1930). Arch. Soc. Biol. Montevideo, Supl. 7: 1912–1919 (1932).
Sáez, F. A., 1956a. Cytogenetics of South-American Orthoptera, Nature 177: 490.
Sáez, F. A., 1956b. Estudios citogenéticos en ortópteros sudamericanos, el cariotipo de treinta y dos especies. Biológica (Santiago de Chile) 22: 27–30.
Scheffé, H., 1959. The analysis of variance. Wiley, New York.
Schroeter, G. L. & Hewitt, G. M., 1974. The effects of supernumerary chromatin in three species of grasshoppers. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 16: 285–296.
Shaw, D. D., 1970. The supernumerary system of Stethophyma. I. Structural basis. Chromosoma 30: 326–343.
Shaw, D. D., 1971. The supernumerary system of Stethophyma. II. Heterochromatin polymorphism and chiasma variation. Chromosoma 34: 19–39.
Vilardi, J. C., 1985. Meiotic behaviour in a population of Dichroplus elongatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Caryologia 38: 147–160.
Westerman, M., 1969. Parallel polymorphism for supernumerary segment in Chorthippus parallelus. II. French populations. Chromosoma 26: 7–21.
Westerman, M. & Fontana, P. G., 1973. Polymorphisms for extra heterochromatin in Phaulacridium marginale. Heredity 31: 223–229.
White, M. J. D., 1954. Animal Cytology and Evolution. 2nd ed. University Press, Cambridge.
White, M. J. D., 1973. Animal Cytology and Evolution. 3nd ed. University Press, Cambridge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Fellow of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Remis, M.I. Effects of supernumerary heterochromatin on chiasma condition in two species of Acrididae (Orthoptera). Genetica 79, 53–61 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056065
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056065