Serotonin antagonists and vascular protection

Summary

There is very suggestive evidence for a role of serotonin release from platelets in the mechanisms for platelet aggregation, arterial thrombosis, and arterial spasm. These effects are mediated via the 5HT₂ receptor and are specifically antagonized by ketanserin. The recently published PACK study was a randomized controlled trial of the effects of ketanserin in patients with intermittent claudication. The purpose of the trial was to discover whether ketanserin treatment would reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic complications such as myocardial infarction or stroke. An unexpected adverse interaction between ketanserin and potassium-losing diuretics was observed, causing an excess of deaths in the group taking this combination of drugs. The “intention-to-treat” analysis showed no overall difference between ketanserin and placebo in terms of cardiovascular complications. Withdrawal of patients taking potassium-losing diuretics left insufficient numbers of patients in the study to answer the original question. However, the “on-treatment” analysis excluding those taking the combination suggested strongly, although did not prove, that ketanserin reduced thrombotic episodes by about 25%. It is concluded that the risks of interactions between many drugs and potassium-losing diuretics make the use of the latter undesirable. Further studies on ketanserin, possibly combined with thromboxane A₂ inhibitors, seem highly desirable.