References
Report of the U.S. preventive services task force. Screening for oral cancer. In: Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. An Assessment of the Effectiveness of 169 Interventions. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1989: 91–4.
Greene JC, Louie R, Wycoff SJ. Preventive dentistry. II. Periodontal disease, malocclusion, trauma, and oral cancer. JAMA 1990; 263: 421–5.
Miller AB. Cancer Screening. In: DeVita VTJr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer. Principles & Practice of Oncology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott, 1989: 478–87.
Mashberg A, Meyers H. Anatomical site and size of 222 early symptomatic oral squamous cell carcinomas. A continuing prospective study of oral cancer. II. Cancer 1976; 37: 2149–57.
Boring CC, Squires TS, Tong T. Cancer statistics, 1991. CA 1991; 41: 1–18.
Silverman S. Early diagnosis of oral cancer. Cancer 1988; 62: 1796–9.
Silverman S. Epidemiologic and demographic update in oral cancer: California and national data—1973 to 1985. JADA 1990; 120: 495–9.
Guggenheimer J, Verbin RS, Johnson JT, Horkowitz CA, Myers EN. Factors delaying the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Cancer 1989; 64: 932–5.
Hulka BS. Cancer screening. Degrees of proof and practical application. Cancer 1988; 62: 1776–80.
American Joint Committee on Cancer. Manual for Staging of Cancer. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott, 1983: 27.
Fee WEJr, Schoeppe SL, Rubenstein R, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate. Arch Otolaryngol 1979; 105: 710–8.
Bloom ND, Spiro RH. Carcinoma of the cheek: A retrospective analysis. Am J Surg 1980; 140: 556–9.
White D, Byers RM. What is the preferred initial method of treatment for squamous carcinoma of the tongue? Am J Surg 1980; 140: 553–5.
Guillamondegui OM, Oliver B, Hayden R. Cancer of the anterior floor of the mouth: Selective choice of treatment and analysis of failures. Am J Surg 1980; 140: 560–2.
Farr HW, Goldfarb PM, Farr CM. Epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth and pharynx at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1965 to 1969. Am J Surg 1980; 140: 563–7.
Parsons IT, Million RP, Cassisi NJ. Carcinoma of the base of the tongue: Results of radical irradiation with surgery reserved for irradiation failure. Laryngoscope 1982; 92: 689–96.
Byers RM, Anderson B, Schwarz EA, Fields RS, Moez R. Treatment of squamous carcinoma of the retromolar trigone. Am J Clin Oncol 1984; 7: 647–52.
Gerson SJ. Oral cancer. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1990; 1: 153–66.
DiTroia JF. Nodal metastases and prognosis in carcinoma of the oral cavity. Otolaryngol Clin NA 1972; 5: 333–42.
Fielding JE. Smoking: health effects and control. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 491–8.
Current trends, Deaths from oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer-United States, 1987. MMWR 1990; 39: 457–60.
Choido GT, Eigner T, Rosenstein DI. Oral cancer detection. The importance of routine screening for prolongation of survival. Postgrad Med 1986; 80: 231–6.
National Institutes of Health. Oral Health of United States Adults. Washington, DC: NIH, 1988; Pub. Health Service Pub. No. NIH 88–2869.
Graham S, Dayal H, Rohrer T, et al. Dentition, diet, tobacco, and alcohol in the epidemiology of oral cancer. JNCI 1977; 59: 1611–16.
Elwood JM, Pearson JCG, Skippen DH, Jackson SM. Alcohol, smoking, social and occupational factors in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Int J Cancer 1984; 34: 603–12.
Wolinsky FD, Arnold CL. A birth cohort analysis of dental contact among elderly Americans. Am J Public Health 1989; 79: 47–51.
Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM, et al. Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 3282–7.
Wynder EL, Boss IJ, Feldman RM. A study of the etiological factors in cancer of the mouth. Cancer 1957; 10: 1300–23.
US Surgeon General. Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 years of progress—a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, 1989; DHHS Pub No. CDC 89–8411.
Pindborg JJ. Oral precancer. In: Barnes L, ed. Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1985: 279–331.
Engelman MA, Schackner SJ. Oral Cancer Examination Procedure. No. 3026-PE. NY, NY: American Cancer Society, 1966.
Oral Lesions. An Illustrated Quick-reference Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. Canton, MA: Colgate-Hoyt Laboratories, 1992.
Robinson BG, Miller AS. Colby, Kerr and Robinson's Color Atlas of Oral Pathology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott Co, 1990: 109, 110, 114, 168–73.
Spitz MR, Fueger JJ, Chamberlain RM, Goepfert H, Newell GR. Cigarette smoking patterns in patients after treatment of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. J Cancer Educ 1990; 5: 109–3.
Additional information
Authors are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Dr Guggenheimer is with the School of Dental Medicine. Dr Weissfeld is with the Graduate School of Public Health. Dr Kroboth is with the School of Medicine. Address correspondence to Dr Guggenheimer, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, G-137 Salk, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261-1901, USA. This study was supported in part by the University of Pittsburgh Internal Grants Program. This paper was presented, in part, at the 119th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, 10–14 November 1991.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guggenheimer, J., Weissfeld, J.L. & Kroboth, F.J. Who has the opportunity to screen for oral cancer?. Cancer Causes Control 4, 63–66 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051716
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051716