Der typus — Idee und realität

Abstract

One of the fundamental problems inherent in the research of biological relationships is the question, whether the system of organisms corresponds to their natural order or not. This question is a crucial topic in the discussion concerning ‘Numerical Taxonomy’ vs. Phylogenetic Morphology. In the work submitted, this criticism of morphology by the American School, i.e., that of Sokal and Sneath as well as that of B. Hassenstein is dealt with. The typus-problem forms the central theme, as it obviously represents the key to solving the issue. In addition to the discussion of the thesis, that the morphological typus could correspond to a Platonic ‘Form’, the justification of the morphological method will be given as well. This justification is based on the realization, that the typus possesses an actual correspondence to the epigenetic correlation system, through which it can be shown, that the so called ‘natural system.’ is indeed a natural one. The faculty of perception of the so called ‘Ratiomorpher Apparat’ is a product of evolution — exactly as the typus-concept itself. And the fact that morphology, at least in part, makes use of this perceiving apparatus, gives an essential support of this interpretation of the typus.