Summary
A significant correlation among chromosome number, chloroplast number and pollen grain size was observed using interspecific hybrids (2n=30,60), Arachis hypogaea (2n=40), A. stenosperma (PI 338280) (2n=20), A. batizocoi (PI 468329) (2n=20) and A. villosulicarpa Hoehne (PI 336984) (2n=20), representing four ploidy groups. Both chloroplast number in guard cells and pollen grain size were found to be positively correlated with ploidy, and provided a reliable method to distinguish diploid, triploid, tetraploid and hexaploid plants from each other regardless of their taxonomic backgrounds. These methods in combination with root-tip chromosome counts enabled us to confirm ploidy determinations on all three dissue layers, L1, L2 and L3 (guard cells, microsporocytes and root meristematic cells, respectively), and to detect the chimeric nature of some colchicine-treated tissue culture-derived plants. Screening pollen grains by size and the detection of highly stainable and viable, 30-chromosome pollen grains have enhanced the use of triploid hybrids in peanut breeding programs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnberg, J.B. & R.E. Hanneman Jr., 1991. Rapid ploidy sereening of tuber-bearing Solanum (potato) species through pollen diameter measurement. Am. Potato J. 68: 279–285.
Bajaj, Y.P.S., A.K. Ram, K.S. Labana & H. Singh, 1981. Regeneration of genetically variable plants from the antherderived callus of Arachis hypogaea and Arachis villosa. Plant Sci. Lett. 23: 35–39.
Bingham, E.T., 1968. Stomatal chloroplasts in alfalfa at four ploidy levels. Crop Sci. 8: 509–510.
Butterfass, T., 1973. Control of plastid division by means of nuclear DNA amount. Protoplasma 76: 167–195.
Company, M., H.T. Stalker & J.C. Wynne, 1982. Cytology and leafspot resistance in Arachis hypogaea x wild species hybrids. Euphytica 31: 885–893.
Frandsen, N.O., 1968. Die Plastidenzahl als Merkmal bei der Kartoffel. Theor. Appl. Genet. 38: 153–167.
Foster, D.J., H.T. Stalker, J.C. Wynne & M.K. Beute, 1981. Resistance of Arachis hypogaea and wild relatives to Cercospora arachidicola Hori. Oléagineux 3: 139–143.
Ho, I., Y. Wan, J.M. Wildholm & A.L. Rayburn, 1990. The use of stomatal chloroplast number for rapid determination of ploidy level in maize. Plant Breed. 5: 203–210.
Jacobs, J.P. & J.L. Yoder, 1989. Ploidy levels in transgenic tomato plants determined by chloroplast number. Plant Cell Rep. 7: 662–664.
Kim, K.H., L. Zsuffa & A. Kenney, 1990. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in pollen morphology in four species of Salix. Can. J. Bot. 68: 1497–1501.
Kochert, G., T. Halward, W.D. Branch & C.E. Simpson, 1991. RFLP variability in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars and wild species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 565–570.
Lanton, F.A., 1974. A re-evaluation of the Dionne method of vegetatively doubling the chromosome number in potato. Potato Res. 17: 296–306.
McCoy, T.J. & D.E. Rowe, 1986. Single cross alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hybrids produced via 2n gametes and somatic chromosome doubling: Experimental and theoretical comparisons. Theor. Appl. Genet. 72: 80–83.
Ozias-Akins, P., C. Singsit & W.D. Branch, 1992. Interspecific hybrid inviability in crosses of Arachis hypogaea x A. stenosperma can be overcome by in vitro embryo maturation or somatic embryogenesis. J. Plant Physiol. 140: 207–217.
SAS Institute Inc., 1985. User's guide, version 5 edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Simpson, C.E., 1991. Pathways for introgression of pest resistance into Arachis hypogaea L. Peanut Sci. 18: 22–26.
Simpson, C.E. & K.S. Davis, 1983. Meiotic behavior of a malefertile triploid Arachis L. hybrid. Crop Sci. 23: 581–584.
Singh, A.K., 1985. Genetic introgression from compatible wild species into cultivated groundnut. In: J.P. Moss (Ed), Proc. Int. Workshop on Cytogenetics of Arachis, pp. 107–117. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.
Singh, A.K. & J.P. Moss, 1984. Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. VI. Fertility in triploid: Cytological basis and breeding implications. Peanut Sci. 11: 17–21.
Singsit, C. & R.E. Veilleux, 1991. Chloroplast density in guard cells of leaves of anther-derived potato plants grown in vitro and in vivo. Hort Sci. 26: 592–594.
Spielman, F.W., A.P. Burge & J.P. Moss, 1979. Chromosome loss and meiotic behavior in interspecific hybrids in the genus Arachis and their implications in breeding for disease resistance. Z. Pflanzenzücht. 83: 236–250.
Stalker, H.T., J.C. Wynne & M. Company, 1979. Variation in progenies of an Arachis hypogaea x diploid wild species hybrid. Euphytica 28: 675–684.
Stalker, H.T. & J.P. Moss, 1987. Speciation, cytogenetics, and utilization of Arachis species. Advances in Agronomy 41: 1–40.
Williams, W., 1968. Genetical principles and plant breeding. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, pp. 176–183.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singsit, C., Ozias-Akins, P. Rapid estimation of ploidy levels in in vitro-regenerated interspecific Arachis hybrids and fertile triploids. Euphytica 64, 183–188 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00046047
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00046047