Abstract
This paper summarizes succession studies on the outer islands of the Bothnian Bay (Finland). The study area is characterized by consistent and relatively rapid uplift (vertical rise on average 75 cm per century). The spatial and temporal succession has been deduced from the sequence of the littoral and epilittoral vegetation as well as from the historical records of the island development.
Four types of successional series are distinguished. The relationships between substrate type (boulder, gravel, sand and clay-silt shores) and 25 typical plant communities are outlined and treated as successional sequences.
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Vartiainen, T. Vegetation development on the outer islands of the Bothnian Bay. Vegetatio 77, 149–158 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045760
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045760