Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro conservation of tropical plant germplasm — a review

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

In vitro medium term conservation of tropical plant germplasm is used routinely in many laboratories. Growth reduction is achieved by modifying various parameters, such as temperature, culture medium, gaseous environment. For long term conservation, cryopreservation (i.e. storage in liquid nitrogen, −196°C) is the only current method available. Each successive step of the process requires precise conditions which have to be defined for each material. Cryopreservation protocols have been set up for more than 40 tropical species. Results obtained with various culture systems such as cell suspensions, protoplasts, calluses, meristems and embryos are discussed. The first example of the large scale application of cryopreservation (oil palm somatic embryos) is presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arumugam N. & S.S. Bhojwani, 1990. In vitro propagation of Podophyllum hexandrum Boyle via somatic embryogenesis. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 243.

  • Ashwood-Smith, M.J. & G.B., Friedmann, 1979. Lethal and chromosomal effects of freezing, thawing, storage time and X-irradiation on mammalian cells preserved at −196°C in dimethylsulfoxide. Cryobiology 16: 132–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augereau, J.M., M., Courtois & V., Pétiard, 1986. Long term storage of callus cultures at low temperatures or under mineral oil layer. Plant Cell Rep. 5: 372–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagniol S., F. Engelmann, S. Monfort & M. Ferry, 1990. First successful cryopreservation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) meristems. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 374.

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1976. Regeneration of plants from cell suspensions frozen at −20, −70 and −196°C. Physiol. Plant. 37: 263–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1977a. Clonal multiplication and cryopreservation of cassava through tissue culture. Crop Improv. 4: 198–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1977b. Survival of Atropa and Nicotiana pollenembryos at −196°C. Curr. Sci. 46: 305–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1978. Effect of super-low temperatures on excised anthers and pollen embryos of Atropa, Nicotiana and Petunia. Phytomorphol. 28: 171–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1979. Freeze-preservation of meristems of Arachis hypogeaea and Cicer arietinum. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 17: 1405–1407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1981. Growth and morphogenesis in frozen (−196°C) endosperm and embryos of rice. Curr. Sci. 50: 947–948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1982. Survival of anther-and ovule-derived cotton callus frozen in liquid nitrogen. Curr. Sci. 51: 139–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1983a. Survival of somatic hybrid protoplasts of wheat x pea and rice x pea subjected to −196°C. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 21: 120–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1983b. Cassava plants from meristem cultures freeze-preserved for three years. Field Crop Res. 7: 161–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1983c. Regeneration of plants from pollen-embryos of Arachis, Brassica and Triticum spp. cryopreserved for one year. Curr. Sci. 52: 484–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, 1983d. Production of normal seeds from plants regenerated from the meristems of Arachis hypogea and Cicer arictinum cryspreserved for 20 months. Euphytica 32: 425–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1984. Induction of growth in frozen embryos of coconut and ovules of Citrus. Curr. Sci. 53: 1215–1216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1985. Cryopreservation of germplasm of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) viability of excised meristems cryopreserved up to four years. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 23: 285–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1988. Regeneration of plants from frozen (−196°C) protoplasts of Atropa belladonna L., Datura innoxia Mill. and Nicotiana tabacum L. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 26: 289–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, N. & E., de, Langhe, 1985. A tissue culture technique for rapid clonal propagation and storage under minimal growth conditions of Musa (banana and plantain). Plant Cell Rep. 4: 351–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bapat, V.A. & P.S., Rao, 1988. Sandalwood plantlets from ‘synthetic seeds’. Plant Cell Rep. 7: 434–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bapat, V.A., M., Mathre & P.S., Rao, 1987. Propagation of Morus indica L. (mulberry) by encapsulated shoot buds. Plant Cell Rep. 6: 393–395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, E.E. & J.D., Hamill, 1991. Cryopreservation and post freeze molecular and biosynthetic stability in transformed roots of Beta vulgaris and Nicotiana rustica. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 24: 163–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, E.E. & L.A., Withers, 1987. Gas chromatographic analysis of volatile hydrocarbon production by cryopreserved plant tissue cultures: a non-destructive method for assessing stability. Cryo-Lett. 8: 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson E.E., H. Marshall & L.A. Withers, 1984. A light electron microscopical study of the cryopreservation of cultured shoot-tips of Brassica napus and Solanum tuberosum. In: Abstr. 41st Conf. Easter School Ser., Plant Tissue Culture and its Agricultural Applications, Univ. Nottingham: 95.

  • Benson, E.E., K., Harding & H., Smith, 1989. Variation in recovery of cryopreserved shoot-tips of Solanum tuberosum exposed to different pre- and post-freeze light regimes. Cryo-Lett. 10: 323–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bercetche, J., M., Galerne & J., Dereuddre, 1990. Augmentation des capacités de régénération de cals embryogènes de Picea abies (L.) Karst après congélation dans l'azote liquide. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 310, Sér. III: 357–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand-Desbrunais A. & A. Charrier, 1990. Conservation des ressources génétiques caféières. In: Proc. Coll. Intl. ASIC, 21–25/08/89, Paipu, Colombia: 438–446.

  • Bertrand-Desbrunais, A, J., Fabre, F., Engelmann, J., Dereuddre & A., Charrier, 1988. Reprise de l'embryogenèse adventive d'embryons somatiques de caféier (Coffea arabica) après congélation dans l'azote liquide. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 307, Sér. III: 795–801.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boucault, M.T., de & J., Cambecedes, 1988. The use of 1,2 propanediol for cryopreservation of recalcitrant seeds: the model case of Zea mays imbibed seeds. Cryo-Lett. 9: 94–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridgen, M.P. & G.L., Staby, 1981. Low pressure and low oxygen storage of Nicotiana tabacum and Chrysanthemum x Morifolium tissue cultures. Plant Sci. Lett. 22: 177–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butenko, R.G., A.S., Popov, L.A., Volkova, D.N., Cherniak & A.M., Nosov, 1984. Recovery of cell cultures and their biosynthetic capacity after storage of Dioscorea deltoidea and Panax ginseng cells in liquid nitrogen. Plant Sci. Lett. 33: 285–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caplin, S.M., 1959. Mineral oil overlay for conservation of plant tissue cultures. Am. J. Bot. 46: 324–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruso M., N. Crespi-Perellino, L. Garofano & A. Guicciardi, 1987. Long term storage of Vinca minor and Panax ginseng cell cultures. In: Proc. Adv. Stud. Inst. on Plant Cell Biol., Albufeira (Algave), Portugal, 29 March–10 April, 1–4.

  • Cella, R., R., Colombo, M.G., Galli, E., Nielsen, F., Rollo & F., Sala, 1982. Freeze preservation of rice cells: a physiological study of freeze-thawed cells. Physiol. Plant. 55: 279–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatti-Dridi B., 1988. Expériences préliminaires sur la conservation à court terme et l'amélioration de la micropropagation in vitro dans le cas du pêcher (Prunus persica). Mémoire de fin d'études, ENSH Versailles, 87p.

  • Chaudhury, R., J., Radhamani & K.P.S., Chandel, 1991. Preliminary observations on the cryopreservation of desiccated embryonic axes of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) seeds for genetic conservation. Cryo-Lett. 12: 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T.H.H., K.K., Kartha, F., Constabel & L.V., Gusta, 1984. Freezing characteristics of cultured Catharantus roseus (L.) G. Don cells treated with dimethylsulfoxide and sorbitol in relation to cryopreservation. Plant Physiol. 75: 720–725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, H.F., B., Krishnapillay & Z.C., Alang, 1988. Cryopreservation of Veitchia and Howea palm embryos: non-development of the haustorium. Cryo-Lett. 9: 372–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, H.F., B., Krishnapillay & Y.L., Hor, 1989. A note on the cryopreservation of embryos from young embryos of coconuts (Cocos nucifera var. Mawa). Pertanika 12: 183–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbineau, F., F., Engelmann & D., Côme, 1990. Ethylene production as an indicator of chilling injury in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) somatic embryos. Plant Sci. 71: 29–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corley, R.H.V., C.H., Lee, I.H., Law & C.I., Wong, 1986. Abnormal flower development in oil palm clones. Planter 62: 233–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulibaly, Y. & Y., Demarly, 1979. Sur les conditions de dévelopement des microspores de Nicotiana tabacum et d'Oryza sativa soumises à la température de l'azote liquide (−196°C). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sér. D, 286: 1065–1068.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dereuddre J. & F. Engelmann, 1987. The use of cryopreservation for setting up banks of plant germplasm. In: Proc. Coll. Franco-Britannique IAPTC, Angers, France, 8–9 Oct. 1987, 48–78.

  • Dereuddre, J., S., Blandin & N., Hassen, 1991. Resistance of alginate-coated somatic embryos of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to desiccation and freezing in liquid nitrogen: 1. effects of preculture. Cryo Lett. 12: 125–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dereuddre, J., J., Fabre & C., Bassaglia, 1988. Resistance to freezing in liquid nitrogen of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. Var. Eolo) apical and axillary shoot tips excised from different aged in vitro plantlets. Plant Cell Rep. 7: 170–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diettrich, B., V., Haack, A.S., Popov, R.G., Butenko & M., Lückner, 1985. Long-term storage in liquid nitrogen of an embryogenic strain of Digitalis lanata. Biochem. Biophys. der Pflanzen 180: 33–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann F., 1986. Cryoconservation des embryons somatiques de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineesis Jacq.): mise au point des conditions de survie et de reprise. Thèse de Doctorat d'Université, Univ. Paris 6, 226 p.

  • Engelmann, F., 1990a. Oil palm somatic embryo cryopreservation: progress and prospects. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., 137, Actual. Bot.: 93–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann, F., 1990b. Utilisation d'atmosphères à teneur en oxygéne réduite pour la conservation de cultures d'embryons somatiques de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 310, Sér. III: 679–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann, F. & J., Dereuddre, 1988a. Effects du milieu de culture sur la production d'embryoïdes destinés à la cryoconservation chez le palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 306, Sér. III: 515–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann, F. & J., Dereuddre, 1988b. Cryopreservation of oil palm somatic embryos: importance of the freezing process. Cryo-Lett. 7: 220–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann, F. & Y., Duval, 1986. Cryoconservation des embryons somatiques de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): résultats et perspectives d'application. Oléagineux 41: 169–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann, F., Y., Duval & J., Dereuddre, 1985. Survie et prolifération d'embryons somatiques de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) après congélation dans l'azote liquide. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 301, Sér. III: 111–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinoza N., R. Estrada, P. Tovar, J. Bryan & J.H. Dodds, 1986. Tissue culture micropropagation, conservation, and export of potato germplasm. International Potato Center Specialized Technology Document 1, 20 p.

  • Fabre, J. & J., Dereuddre, 1990. Encapsulation dehydration: a new approach to cryopreservation of Solanum shoot tips. Cryo-Lett. 11: 413–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkle, B.J. & J.M., Ulrich, 1979. Effects of cryoprotectants in combination on the survival of frozen sugarcane cells. Plant Physiol. 63: 598–604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkle, B.J. & J.M., Ulrich, 1982. Cryoprotectant removal as a factor in the survival of frozen rice and sugarcane cells. Cryobiology 19: 329–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkle B.J., J.M. Ulrich & B. Tisserat, 1982. Responses of several lines of rice and date palm callus to freezing at −196°C. In: P.H. Li & A. Sakai (Eds). Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress, Acad. Press: 643–660.

  • Gnanapragasam, S. & I.K., Vasil, 1990. Plant regeneration from a cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspension of a commercial sugarcane hybrid (Saccharum sp.). Plant Cell Rep. 9: 419–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, D. & B.D., Patterson, 1982. Responses of plants to low, nonfreezing temperatures: proteins, metabolism, and acclimation. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33: 347–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grout, B.W.W. & G.G., Henshaw, 1978. Freeze-preservation of potato shoot-tips cultures. Ann. Bot. 42: 1227–1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grout, B.W.W., R.J., Westcott & G.G., Henshaw, 1978. Survival of shoot meristems of tomato seedlings frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cryobiology 15: 478–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grout, B.W.W., K., Shelton & H.W., Pritchard, 1983. Orthodox behaviour of oil palm seed and cryopreservation of the excised embryo for genetic conservation. Ann. Bot. 52: 381–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haffner V., 1985. Mise au point d'un protocole adapté aux cellules de Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons. (T.). Mémoire de DEA, Univ. Aix-Marseille III, 32 p.

  • Harding K., 1990. Molecular stability of cryopreserved shoottips of Solanum tuberosum. In: Abst. VIIth Intl. Cong. on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam, 24–29 June, 376.

  • Harding, K., E.E., Benson & H., Smith, 1991. The effects of in vitro culture period on the recovery of cryopreserved shoottips of Solanum tuberosum. Cryo-Lett. 12: 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauptman, R.H. & J.M., Widholm, 1982. Cryostorage of cloned amino acid analog-resistant carrot and tobacco suspension cultures. Plant Physiol. 70: 30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homes J., F. Dubus & J.-L. Bourdon, 1982. Cold storage of plant tissue cultures. In: A. Fujiwara (Ed). Proc. 5th Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Tokyo: 801–802.

  • Jouve, L., F., Engelmann & A., Charrier, 1991. Effets de l'hypoxie et de la température sur la conservation in vitro de pousses feuillées de Coffea arabica L. Café Cacao Thé XXXV: 205–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadzimin, S.B., 1988. Germplasm preservation of orchid through tissue culture. In: R.C., Umaly, I., Umboh, S., Halos & M.N., Normah (Eds). The Application of Tissue Culture Techniques in Economically Important Tropical Species, SEAMEO-Biotrop, Bogor, Indonesia, Biotrop Special Publ. 35: 167–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha K.K., 1982. Cryopreservation of plant meristems: a novel approach for the preservation of germplasm in a disease free condition. In: A. Fujiwara (Ed). Proc. 5th Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Tokyo: 795–796.

  • Kartha, K.K., 1985. Cryopreservation of Plant Cells and Organs. Kartha, K.K. Ed., Boca Raton, CRC Press, 276 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha, K.K., N.L., Leung & L.A., Mroginski, 1982. In vitro growth responses and plant regeneration from cryopreserved meristems of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 107: 133–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha, K.K., N.L., Leung & K., Pahl, 1980. Cryopreservation of strawberry meristems and mass propagation of plantlets. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105: 481–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha, K.K., N.L., Leung, P., Gaudet-Laprairie & F., Constabel, 1982. Cryopreservation of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) cells cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Rep. 1: 135–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha, K.K., L.A., Mroginski, K., Pahl & N.L., Leung, 1981. Germplasm preservation of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by in vitro culture of shoot apical meristems. Plant Sci. Lett. 22: 301–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, E.J., J.A., Qureshi, K.K., Kartha, N., Leung, N., Chevrier, K., Caswell & T.H.H., Chen, 1990. Regeneration of freezing-tolerant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants from cryoselected callus. Plant Physiol. 94: 1756–1762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuriyama, A., K., Watanabe, S., Ueno & H., Mitsuda, 1989. Inhibitory effect of ammonium ion on recovery of cryopreserved rice cells. Plant Sci. 64: 231–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuriyama, A., K., Watanabe, S., Ueno & H., Mitsuda, 1990. Effect of post-thaw treatment on the viability of cryopreserved Lavandula vera cells. Cryo-Lett. 11: 171–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwiatkowski, S., M.W., Martin, C.R., Brown & C.J., Sluis, 1988. Serial microtuber formation as a long-term conservation method for in vitro germplasm. Amer. Potato J. 65: 369–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langis, P. & P.L., Steponkus, 1990. Cryopreservation of rye protoplasts by vitrification. Plant Physiol. 92: 666–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langis, R., B., Schnabel, E.D., Earle & P.L., Steponkus, 1989. Cryopreservation of Brassica napus suspensions by vitrification. Cryo-Lett. 10: 421–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling C.J., L.S. De & H.S. Long, 1987. Sugarcane callus cryopreservation. In: P.H. Li (Ed). Plant Biology, Vol. 5, Plant Cold Hardiness, Alan R. Liss Inc.: 323–337.

  • Lyons, J.M., 1973. Chilling injury in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 24: 445–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddox, A.D., F.G., Gonsalves & R., Shields, 1982–83. Successful cryopreservation of suspension cultures of three Nicotiana species at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Plant Sci. Lett., 28: 157–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, M.L. & N., Duran-Vila, 1988. Survival of somatic embryos and recovery of plants of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) after immersion in liquid nitrogen. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 14: 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, M.L., G., Mafla, W.M., Roca & L.A., Withers, 1990. Cryopreservation of Cassava zygotic embryos and whole seeds in liquid nitrogen. Cryo-Lett. 11: 257–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKersie B.D., T. Senaratna, S.R. Bowley, D.C.W. Brown, A. Kielly, J.E. Krochko & J.D. Bewley, 1990. Artificial seeds application in the production of hybrid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 259.

  • Monette, P.L., 1986. Cold storage of kiwi shoot tips in vitro. HortSci. 21: 1203–1205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mora A., A. Abdelnour & V. Villalobos, 1991. Cryopreservation of Musa zygotic embryos. In: Proc. 4th IPBNet Conf., Biotechnology for Tropical Crop Improvement in Latin America, San Jose, Costa Rica, January 14–18, 1991, 2.

  • Moriguchi, T., I., Kozaki, N., Matsuta & S., Yamaki, 1988. Plant regeneration from grape callus stored under a combination of low temperature and silicone treatment. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 15: 67–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitzsche, E.H., 1980. One year storage of dried carrot callus. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 100: 269–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Normah, M.N., H.F., Chin & Y.L., Hor, 1986. Desiccation and cryopreservation of embryonic axes of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. Pertanika 9: 299–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panis, B.J., L.A., Withers & E.A.L., De, Langhe, 1990. Cryopreservation of Musa suspension and regeneration of plants. Cryo-Lett. 11: 337–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pannetier, C., P., Arthuis & D., Liévoux, 1981. Néoformation de jeunes plantes d'Elaeis guineensis à partir de cals primaires obtenus sur fragments foliaires cultivés in vitro. Oléagineux 36: 119–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pence V.C., 1990. In vitro collection, regeneration, and cryopreservation of Brunfelsia densifolia. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 377.

  • Pence V.C. & B.L. Dresser, 1988. Embryo cryostorage as a technique for germplasm preservation of several large-seeded tree species. In: Abst. Beltsville Symp. in Agric. Res. XIII, Biotic Diversity and Germplasm Preservation — Global Imperatives, May 9–11: 24.

  • Plessis P., C. Leddet & J. Dereuddre, 1991. Cryopreservation of alginate-coated shoot-tips of grape after a progressive increase of sucrose concentration in preculture medium. In: Proc. 28th Ann. Meeting of the Society for Cryobiology, Leuven, Belgium, 7–12 July, 106.

  • Reed B.M., 1990. Cold storage of in vitro fruit and nut germplasm. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 378.

  • Reuff, I., 1987. Untersuchungen zur Kryokonservierung pflanzlicher Zellkulturen am Beispiel von Coleus blumei und Berberis wilsoniae. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors des Naturwissenschaften, Univ. Eberhard Karl, Tubingen, 130 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuff, I., U., Seitz, B., Ulrich & E., Reinhard, 1988. Cryopreservation of Coleus blumei suspension and callus cultures. J. Plant Physiol. 133: 414–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, E.H., 1973. Predicting the viability of seeds. Seed Sci. Technol. 1, 499–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roca W.M., R. Reyes & J. Beltran, 1984. Effect of various factors on minimal growth in tissue culture storage of cassava germplasm. In: Proc. 6th Symp. Intl. Soc. for Tropical Root Crops: 441–446.

  • Roca W.M., J. Rodriguez, J. Beltran, J. Roa & G. Mafla, 1982. Tissue culture for the conservation and international exchange of germplasm. In: A. Fujiwara (Ed). Proc. 5th Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Tokyo: 771–772.

  • Roca, W.M., R., Chavez, M.L., Marin, D.I., Arias, G., Mafla & R., Reyes, 1989. In vitro methods of germ-plasm conservation. Genome 31: 813–817.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai, A., S., Kobayashi & I., Oyiama, 1990. Cryopreservation of nucellar cells of navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb. var. brasiliensis Tanaka) by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep. 9: 30–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sala, F., R., Cella & F., Rollo, 1979. Freeze-preservation of rice cells. Plant Physiol. 45: 170–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrijnemakers E.W.M., M.R. McLellan & F. Van Iren, 1990. Cryopreservation of cell suspensions. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 378.

  • Scottez C, N. Godard C. Joulie, M. Duron, Y. Arnaud & J. Dereuddre, 1991. Cryopreservation of pear shoot-tips after encapsulation-dehydration. In: Proc. 28th Ann. Meeting of the Society for Cryobiology, Leuven, Belgium, 7–12 July, 59.

  • Seitz, U., 1987. Cryopreservation of plant cell cultures. Planta medica 4: 311–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seitz, U. & E., Reinhard, 1987. Growth and ginsenoside pattern of cryopreserved Panax ginseng cell cultures. J. Plant Physiol. 131: 215–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seitz, U., A.W., Alfermann & E., Reinhard, 1983. Stability of biotransformation capacity in Digitalis lanata cell cultures after cryogenic storage. Plant Cell Rep. 2: 273–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillito, R.D., G.K., Carswell, C.M., Johnson, J.J., Dimaio & C.T., Harms, 1989. Regeneration of fertile plants from protoplasts of elite inbred maize. Biotechnology 7: 581–587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Standke, K.H.C., 1978. Tiefgefrierung nodaler Segmente von Kartoffeln mittels flüssigen Stickstoff. Landbaufirschung Völkenrode 28: 77–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staritsky, G, A.J. Dekkers, N.P. Louwaars & E.A. Zandvoort, 1985. In vitro conservation of aroid germplasm at reduced temperatures and under osmotic stress. In: L.A. Withers & P.G. Alderson (Eds). Plant Tissue Culture and its Agricultural Applications, Butterworths: 277–284.

  • Steponkus, P.L. & F.O., Lanphear, 1967. Refinement of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method of determining cold injury. Plant Physiol. 42: 1432–1436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudarmonowati E. & G.G. Henshaw, 1990. Cryopreservation of cassava somatic embryos. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 378.

  • Takeuchi M., H. Matsushima & Y. Sugarawa, 1982. Totipotency and viability of protoplasts after long-term freeze preservation. In: A. Fujiwara (Ed). Proc. 5th Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Tokyo: 797–798.

  • Tandon P. & J. Sharma, 1986. Regeneration of Dendrobium from cold preserved protocorms. In: D.A. Somers, B.G. Gengenbach, D.D. Biesboer, W.P. Hackett & C.E. Green (Eds). Abstr. 6th Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Minneapolis: 425.

  • Tessereau H., C. Lecouteux, B. Florin, C. Schlienger & V. Pétiard, 1990. Use of a simplified freezing process and dehydration for the storage of embryogenic cell lines and somatic embryos. In: Seeds: Genesis of Natural and Artificial Forms, Amiens, France, Nov. 12–13, 1990, Le Biopole Végétal, Ed., 123–133.

  • Tisserat, B., B.J., Ulrich & B.J., Finkle, 1981. Cryogenic preservation and regeneration of date palm tissue. HortSci. 16: 47–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towill, L.E., 1981. Solanum tuberosum: a model for studying the cryobiology of shoot-tips in the tuber-bearing Solanum species. Plant Sci. Lett. 20: 315–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towill, L.E., 1983. Improved survival after cryogenic exposure of shoot-tips in the tuber-bearing Solanum species. Plant Sci. Lett. 20: 315–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towill L.E., 1990. Cryopreservation of shoot tips by vitrification. In: Abstr. VIIth Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam: 379.

  • Ulrich, J.M., B.J., Finkle, P.H., Moore & H., Ginoza, 1979. Effect of a mixture of cryoprotectants in attaining liquid nitrogen survival of callus cultures of a tropical plant. Cryobiology 16: 550–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, J.M., B.J., Finkle, B.E., Mackey, G.W., Schaeffer & F., Sharpe, Jr, 1984. Responses of six rice callus cultures to deep-frozen temperatures. Crop Sci. 24: 84–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uragami, A., A., Sakai, M., Nagai & T., Takahashi, 1989. Survival of cultured cells and somatic embryos of Asparagus officinalis cryopreserved by vitrification. Plant Cell Rep. 8: 418–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, G., E.J., Roth & H.G., Schweiger, 1983. Storage of cell suspensions and protoplasts of Glycine max (L.) Merr., Brassica napus (L.), Datura innoxia (Mill.) and Daucus carota (L.) by freezing. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 109: 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westcott, R.J., 1981a. Tissue culture storage of potato germplasm. 1. Minimal growth storage. Potato Res. 24: 331–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westcott, R.J., 1981b. Tissue culture storage of potato germplasm. 2. Use of growth retardants. Potato Res. 24: 343–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widholm, J.M., 1977. The use of fluorescein diacetate and phenosafranine for determining viability of cultured plant cells. Stain Technol. 47: 189–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers, L.A., 1979. Freeze preservation of somatic embryos and clonal plantlets of carrot (Daucus carota). Plant Physiol. 63: 460–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers L.A., 1980. Preservation of germplasm. Int. Rev. Cytol., Suppl. II B: 101–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers, L.A., 1985. Cryopreservation of cultured plant cells and protoplasts. In: K.K., Kartha (Ed). Cryopreservation of Plant Cells and Organs, Boca Raton, CRC Press: 243–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers, L.A. & P.J., King, 1980. A simple freezing unit and routine cryopreservation method for plant cell cultures. Cryo-Lett. 1: 213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers, L.A. & H.E., Street, 1977. Freeze-preservation of cultured plant cells. III. The pregrowth phase. Plant Physiol. 39: 171–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zandvoort E.A. & G. Staritsky, 1986. In vitro genebanks of tropical aroids — Research of storage conditions. In: D.A. Somers, B.G. Gengenbach, D.D. Biesboer, W.P. Hackett & C.E. Green (Eds). Abst. 6th Intl. Cong. Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Minneapolis: 426.

  • Zandvoort, E.A., 1987. In vitro germplasm conservation of tropical aroids. Acta Bot. Neerl. 36: 150.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. (Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération), ORSTOM, 911 av. Agropolis, BP 5045, 34032, Montpellier Cedex, France

    F. Engelmann

Authors
  1. F. Engelmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Engelmann, F. In vitro conservation of tropical plant germplasm — a review. Euphytica 57, 227–243 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039669

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039669

Key words

Search

Navigation