Skip to main content
Log in

Nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the cyanogenic β-glucosidase (linamarase) from white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Plant Molecular Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of two different β-glucosidase cDNA clones were determined. One clone (TRE104) was identified as the cyanogenic β-glucosidase by homology with the N-terminal and internal peptide amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. The biological function of the other β-glycosidase (TRE361) is not known. Co-segregation of genomic restriction fragments uniquely identified by each cDNA clone shows that these two genes are linked in the white clover genome. Both TRE104 and TRE361 fragments co-segregate with cyanogenic β-glucosidase activity. Extensive homology was found between the white clover β-glucosidase sequences and a group of prokaryote and mammalian β-glycosidases. This group of sequences has no homology with a separate set of β-glucosidase genes isolated from fungi and the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bause E, Legler G: Isolation and structure of a tryptic glycopeptide from the active site of β-glucosidase A3 from Aspergillus wentii, Biochim Biophys Acta 626: 459–465 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Biozet B, Villeval D, Slos P, Novel M, Novel G, Mercenier A: Isolation and structural analysis of the phospho-beta-galactosidase gene from Streptococcus lactis 2268. Gene 62: 249–261 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  3. BreidtJr F, Stewart GC: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the Staphylococcus aurei phospho-beta-galactosidase gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 53: 969–973 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chou PY, Fasman GD: Prediction of secondary structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence. Adv Enzymol 47: 45–148 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Conn EE: Cyanogenic glycosides. In: Stumpf PK, Conn EE (eds) Biochemistry of Plants, vol 7, pp. 479–500. Academic Press, New York (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Corkill L: Cyogenesis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). 2. Inheritance of cyanogenesis, NZ J Sci Tech B 23: 178–193 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dean C, van den Elzen P, Tamaki S, Dunsmuir P, Bedbrook J: Linkage and homology analysis divides the eight genes for the small subunit of petunia ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase into three gene families. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 4964–4968 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dellaporta SL, Wood J, Hicks JB: A plant DNA minipreparation: Version II. Plant Mol Biol Rep 1: 19–21 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dinur T, Osiecki KM, Legler G, Gatt S, Desnick RJ, Grabowski GA: Human acid β-glucosidase: Isolation and amino acid sequence of a peptide containing the catalytic site. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 1660–1664 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dunn MA, Hughes MA, Sharif AL: Synthesis of the cyanogenic β-glucosidase, linamarase, in white clover. Arch Biochem Biophys 260: 561–568 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Grabnitz F, Rucknagel KP, Seiss M, Standenbauer WL: Nucleotide sequence of the Clostridium thermocellum bgl B gene encoding thermostable β-glucosidase B: homology to fungal β-glucosidases, Mol Gen Genet 217: 70–76 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hoffman LM, Donaldson DD: Characterisation of two Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin genes closely linked on the chromosome. EMBO J 4: 883–889 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hopp TP, Woods KR: Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acid sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 3824–3828 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hosel W: The enzymatic hydrolysis of cyanogenic glucosides. In: Vennesland B, Conn EE, Knowles CJ, Westley J, Wissing F (eds) Cyanide in Biology, pp. 217–232. Academic Press, New York (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hughes MA: The cyanogenic polymorphism in Trifolium repens L. (white clover). Heredity (in press) (1991).

  16. Hughes MA, Dunn MA: Biochemical characterisation of the Li locus, which controls the activity of the cyanogenic β-glucosidase in Trifolium repens Plant Mol Biol 1: 169–181 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hughes MA, Sharif AL, Dunn MA, Oxtoby E, Pancoro A: Restriction fragment length polymorphism segregation analysis of the Li locus in Trifolium repens L. Plant Mol Biol 14: 407–414 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hughes MA, Stirling JD: A study of dominance at the locus controlling cyanoglucoside production in Trifolium repens L. Euphytica 31: 477–483 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kakes P: Linamarase and other β-glucosidases are present in the cell walls of Trifolium repens L. leaves. Planta 166: 156–160 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kakes P, Eeltink H: The presence of a specialised β-glucosidase: Linamarase, in leaves of Trifolium repens L. is controlled by the gene Li. Z Naturforsch 40c: 509–513 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Koes RE, Spett CE, Mol JNM, Gerats AGM: The chalcone synthase multigene family of Petunia hybrida (V30): sequence homology, chromosomal localisation and evolutionary aspects Plant Mol Biol 10: 159–169 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kohchi C, Toh-e A: Nucleotide sequence of Candida pellicosa β-glucosidase gene Nucl Acids Res 13: 6273–6282 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kyte J, Doolitte RF: A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Mol Biol 157: 105–132 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Legler G, Harder A: Amino acid sequence at the active site of β-glucosidase A from bitter almonds. Biochim Biophys Acta 524: 102–108 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Love DR, Bergquist PL: Sequence structure and expression of a cloned β-glucosidase gene from an extreme thermophile Mol Gen Genet 213: 84–92 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Maher EP, Hughes MA: Studies on the nature of the Li locus in Trifolium repens L. II. The effect of genotype on enzyme activity and properties. Biochem Genet 8: 13–26 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mantei N, Villa M, Enzler T, Wacker H, Boll W, James P, Hunziker W, Semenza G: Complete primary structure of human and rabbit lactase-phlorizin hydrolase: implications for biosynthesis membrane anchorage and evolution of the enzyme. EMBO J 7: 2705–2713 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Porter EV, Chassy BM: Nucleotide sequence of the beta-D-phosphogalactoside glactohydrolase gene of Lactobacillus casei: comparison to analogous pbg genes of other Gram-positive organisms. Gene 62: 263–276 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Raynal A, Gerband C, Francinques MC, Guerineau M: Sequence and transcription of the β-glucosidase gene of Kluyveromyces fragilis cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 12: 175–184 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T: Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Schnetz K, Toloczyki C, Rak B: Beta-glucosidase (bgl) operon of E. coli K12: nucleotide sequence, genetic organisation and possible evolutionary relationship to regulatory components of two Bacillus subtilis genes. J Bact 169: 2579–2590 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wakarchuk WW, Greenberg NM, Kilburn DG, Miller RC, Warren RAJ: Structure and transcription analysis of the gene encoding a cellobiase from Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 21400, J Bact 170: 301–307 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zuker M, Steigler P: Optimal computer folding of large RNA sequences using thermodynamics and auxiliary information. Nucl Acids Res 9: 133–148 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oxtoby, E., Dunn, M.A., Pancoro, A. et al. Nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the cyanogenic β-glucosidase (linamarase) from white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plant Mol Biol 17, 209–219 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039495

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039495

Key words

Navigation