Abstract
The author gives a survey of the methods used and the results obtained in induced mutation. The article consists of three parts: the general theoretical aspects, the possibilities of practical application and a bibliography of 789 titles.
In the theoretical part (Mutation research) the various types of mutation are mentioned, but only gene- or point mutations and structural mutations are discussed. These two categories cannot be distinguished sharply. Study of diploid organisms is less easy than that of haploid ones, study of cross-fertilizers less easy than that of self-fertilizers, and study of recessive mutations (the most frequent type) less easy than that of dominant ones. Methods for induction of mutations are discussed in the chapters “Irradiation as mutagen” and “Chemical mutagens”.
In the second part the mutagens, treatments, mutation frequency, mutation spectrum, selection methods, etc. are discussed with respect to the possibilities of practical application (Mutation breeding). Chemical mutagens are becoming more important. The techniques for production and for selection of mutants demand improvement and refinement. Hitherto interest has been mainly concentrated upon easily recognizable morphological mutations. Attention, however, should also be drawn more towards the smaller, quantitative, physiological, chemical mutations.
Mutation breeding offers many possibilities and difficulties. The keen eye, the optimism, enthousiasm and perseverence which are of so much importance in the normal plant breeding, are necessary in mutation breeding as well.
Samenvatting
De schrijver geeft een samenvattend overzicht omtrent gebruikte methoden en verkregen resultaten bij kunstmatige mutatie. De stof is gesplitst in een algemeen theoretisch gedeelte en een gedeelte omtrent de mogelijkheden van praktische toepassing bij de veredeling.
In het theoretisch gedeelte (Mutatie-onderzoek) worden de verschillende typen van mutatie kort besproken, terwijl dan verder alleen gen- of puntmutaties en structurele mutaties worden behandeld. Deze twee categorieën zijn trouwens niet scherp te scheiden. Het onderzoek bij diploiden is moeilijker dan dat bij haploiden, dat bij kruisbestuivers moeilijker dan dat bij zelfbestuivers, en dat van recessieve genmutaties (de meeste) moeilijker dan dat van dominante. De belangrijkste methoden voor het verkrijgen van mutaties worden dan in een tweetal hoofdstukken behandeld: “Bestraling als mutagens” en “Chemische mutagentia”.
In het tweede gedeelte worden mutagentia, behandelingsmethoden, mutatiefrequentie, mutatiespectrum, selectiemethoden, enz. beschouwd in verband met de mogelijkheden van praktische toepassing (Mutatieveredeling). Chemische mutagentia blijken in betekenis toe te nemen. De methodieken voor de productie en voor de selectie van mutanten dienen verbeterd en verfijnd te worden. Bij de selectie is tot nu toe vaak te eenzijdig gelet op de grotere morfologische mutaties. Er zal meer aandacht besteed moeten worden aan kleinere, kwantitatieve, physiologische, chemische mutaties.
De mutatieveredeling biedt veel mogelijkheden en moeilijkheden. Het scherpe oog, het optimisme, enthousiasme en uithoudingsvermogen die bij het gewone veredelingswerk zo belangrijk zijn, kunnen ook bij de mutatieveredeling niet gemist worden.
De bijbehorende bibliographie is in vieren gesplitst:
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a.
Enkele meer uitgebreide literatuurlijsten.
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b.
Boeken, proceedings, symposia, enz.
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c.
Artikels van algemene of samenvattende aard.
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d.
Overige artikels (vooral na 1954 en vooral hogere planten).
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Bibliography
Reference books or articles
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Other articles (see also under c, p. 296)
Abel, B., 1955. Eine Methode zur Erhaltung von homozygoten Chlorophyllmutanten. Naturwiss. 42, p. 372–373.
Abrahamson, S., 1956. The effects on rearrangement frequency of different oxygen tensions either during or between fractionated X-ray treatments of Drosophila oocytes. Records Gen. Soc. Am. 25 and Genetics 41, p. 631 (abstr.).
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Bhaduri, P. N. and Natarajan, A. T., 1956. Studies on the effect of nitrogen mustard on chromosomes in somatic and gametic plant tissues. Ind. Journ. Genet. Pl. Breeding 16, p. 8–23.
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Bishop, C. J., 1957. Genetic changes in apples induced by thermal neutrons. Can. Journ. Plant. Science 37, p. 55–58.
Bishop, C. J., 1958. Radiation-induced morphological changes and fruit color mutations in the Cortland apple. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Genetics, Montreal, II, p.26.
Blakeslee, A. F., 1954. The aging of seeds and mutation rate. Ann. N.Y. Ac. Sc. 57, p. 488–490.
Blixt, S., Ehrenberg, L. and Gelin, O., 1958. Quantitative studies of induced mutation in peas. I. Methodological investigations. Agri Hort. Genet. 16, p. 238–250.
Bonetti, S., 1957. In search of grains for the new atomic age.. (Italian). Agricoltura 6, p. 27–31.
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Prakken, R. Induced mutation. Euphytica 8, 270–322 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039371
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00039371