Abstract
Following a short background survey on the occurrence, distribution and life history of the fungus, Gloeotinia temulenta, which causes low germination in ryegrass, measures for its control are discussed. It is suggested that the effectiveness of chemicals, applied fertilizers and management procedures depends largely on the seed production techniques used in the various countries.
As breeding for escape appears to have very limited possibilities breeding for resistance is considered to be the only positive answer to the problem. A breeding programme, commenced in 1959 in Northern Ireland using four plants of Lolium perenne which consistently showed very low infections in artificial epiphytotics, is outlined. Using a modified backcross technique it is hoped to introduce resistance, found to be polygenically inherited, into the well known Aberystwyth cultivar, S. 24.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Calvert, E. L. and Muskett, A. E., (1944). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass. Nature, Lond., 153, 287–288.
Calvert, E. L. and Muskett, A. E., (1945). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass (Phialea temulenta Prill. & Delacr.). Ann. appl. Biol. 32, 329–343.
Chestnutt, D. M. B., (1958). Susceptibility of perennial ryegrass to blind-seed disease (Gloeotinia temulenta). J. Brit. Grassl. Soc. 13, 275–278.
Corkill, L., (1952). Breeding for resistance to blind seed disease (Phialea temulentaPrill. & Delacr.) in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) Proc. 6th Inter. Grassl. Congr. 1578–1584.
Corkill, L. and Rose, R. E., (1945). Observations on susceptibility of perennial rye-grass to blind-seed disease. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 27, 14–18.
Cunningham, I. J., (1958). Non-toxicity to animals of ryegrass endophyte and other endophytic fungi of New Zealand grasses. N.Z. J. agric. Res. 1, 489–497.
Fischer, G. W., (1944). The blind-seed disease of rye-grass (Lolium spp) in Oregon. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 34, 934–935.
Foy, N. R., (1927). The official seed-testing station (record of operations for 1926). N.Z. J. Agric. 34, 188–192.
Gemmell, A. R., (1940). The disease of rye-grass seed attributed to Pullularia pullulans. West of Scotland Agric. Col. Bull. No. 136. 16pp.
Glasscock, H. H., (1940). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass. Nature, Lond. 146, 368.
Gray, E. G., (1942). Phialea mucosa sp. nov., The blind seed fungus. Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 25, 329–333.
Greenall, A. F., (1943). Low germination of perennial rye-grass seed in South Otago. N.Z. J. Agric. 67, 79–81.
Griffiths, E., (1958). Sexual reproduction and variation in Gloeotinia temulenta (Prill & Delacr.) Wilson & Gray. Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 41, 461–482.
Gorman, L. W., (1939). Low germination susceptibility of perennial rye-grass strains. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 20, 392–401.
Gorman, L. W., (1940). Blind seed disease investigations. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 22, 79–83.
Hair, J. B., (1952). Blind-seed of ryegrass. III. Effect of fungicides on the disease. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 34, 117–121.
Hardison, J. R., (1948). Field control of blind seed disease of perennial ryegrass in Oregon. Phytopathology 38, 404–419.
Hardison, J. R., (1949). Blind seed disease of perennial ryegrass. Oregon Agric. Exp. Stat. Circular 177. 11pp.
Hardison, J. R., (1957). Record of blind seed disease control in Oregon. Plant Disease Reporter 41, 34–41.
Hardison, J. R., (1962). Susceptibility of Gramineae to Gloeotinia temulenta. Mycol. 54, 201–216.
Hardison, J. R., (1963). Control of Gloeotinia temulenta in seed fields of Lolium perenne by cultural methods. Phytopathology 53, 460–464.
Hyde, E. O. C., (1932). Germination capacity of perennial ryegrass seed. N.Z. J. Agric. 44, 316–319.
Hyde, E. O. C., (1937). Low germination in perennial ryegrass seed. Rept. 6th Ann. Conf. N.Z. Grassl. Assn. 90–96.
Hyde, E. O. C., (1938a). Detecting Pullularia infection in rye-grass seed crops. N.Z. J. Agric. 57, 301–302.
Hyde, E. O. C., (1938b). Germinating capacity of Italian rye-grass seed. N.Z. J. Agric. 56, 357.
Johnston, M. E. H., Matthews, D. and Harrison, S. C., (1964). The diurnal periodicity in the ejection of ascospores of Gloeotinia (Phialea) temulenta (Prill et Delacr.) Wilson, Noble et Gray. N.Z. Jour. agric. Res. 7, 639–643.
Lafferty, H. A., (1948). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass. J. Dep. Agric. Republ. Ire. 45, 3–12.
Lithgow, A. V. and Cottier, K., (1953). Pre-harvest examination of ryegrass seed for blind seed disease. N.Z. J. Agric. 87, 405–406.
Muskett, A. E. and Calvert, E. L., (1940). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass. Nature, Lond. 146, 200–201.
Neill, J. C. and Armstrong, C. S., (1955). An aerial survey of ascospore distribution of blindseed disease of ryegrass (Gloeotinia (Phialea) temulenta). N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 37, 106–109.
Neill, J. C. and Hyde, E. O. C., (1939). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 20, 281–301.
Neill, J. C. and Hyde, E. O. C., (1942). Blind-seed disease of rye-grass-II. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 24, 65–71.
Noble, M., (1939). Notes on Pullularia pullulans in rye-grass seed and seed-testing methods as affecting detection of certain seed-borne diseases. Ann. appl. Biol. 26, 630–633.
Noble, M. and Gray, E. G., (1945). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. Scot. J. Agric. 25, 94–97.
O'Sullivan, T., (1966). Dept. Agric. Republ. Ire. Private communication.
Polomka, P., (1954). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. Hons. project. University of Adelaide, S. Australia. Private communication.
Prillieux, E. and Delacroix, G., (1892). Phialea temulenta etat ascospore d'Endoconidium temulentum. Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 8, 22–23.
Rehm, H., (1900). Ascomycetes exs. Fasc. 27. Hedwigia 39, 192.
Rose, R. E., (1945). A technique for the artificial inoculation of perennial ryegrass by the blindseed organism. N.Z. Jour. Sci. Tech. 27, 18–22.
Rutherford, A. A., (1956). The susceptibility of perennial ryegrass to blind seed disease. J. Brit. Grassl. Soc. 11, 66–70.
Sproule, T. R. M., and Wright, C. E., (1966). A rapid technique for the examination of large numbers of ryegrass samples for Blind Seed Disease. Pl. Path. 15, No. 4.
Tempe, J.de, (1950). De Phialea-ziekte van raaigras in Nederland. Tijdschr. Plziekt. 56: 164–169.
Stewart, R. H., (1963). Influence of Nitrogen on the incidence of blind seed disease in S24 perennial ryegrass. Ann. Prog. Rept. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland. 86–87.
Wilson, M., Noble, M. and Gray, E. G., (1945). Blind seed disease of rye-grass and its causal fungus. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 61, 327–340.
Wilson, M., Noble, M. and Gray, E. G., (1954). Gloeotinia—a new genus of the Sclerotiniaceae. Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 37, 29–32.
Wright, C. E., (1957a). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. I. Summary of preliminary investigations into the techniques of evaluating degrees of resistance to Phialea temulenta in Lolium perenne Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 6, 1–3.
Wright, C. E., (1957b). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. II. A semi-natural field technique designed to test the blind seed disease reaction of spaced ryegrass plants. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 6, 4–13.
Wright, C. E., (1957c). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. III. The blind seed reaction of certain ryegrass strains tested as spaced plants under semi-natural epiphytotic conditions. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 6, 14–18.
Wright, C. E., (1958). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. V. Methods of inoculation for use in the induction of large scale epiphytotics. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 7, 8–16.
Wright, C. E., (1960). Blind seed disease. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 10, 253–254.
Wright, C. E., (1962). Blind seed disease. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 11, 195.
Wright, C. E., (1963). Blind seed disease. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 12, 224.
Wright, C. E. and Breese, E. L., (1966). The genetic control of blind seed disease resistance in Lolium perenne in relation to breeding practice. In press.
Wright, C. E. and Sproule, T. R. M., (1965). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. VI. Resistance of Lolium perenne varieties to blind seed disease (Gloeotinia temulenta). Rec. Agric. Res. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland 14, 5–29.
Wright, C. E. and Wilson, E. V. B., (1958). Blind seed disease of ryegrass. IV. Bulk spore production for use in the induction of large scale epiphytotics. Res. Exp. Rec. Minist. Agric. Northern Ireland. 7, 1–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wright, C.E. Blind seed disease of ryegrass. Euphytica 16, 122–130 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034105
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034105