Skip to main content
Log in

Determining the density dependence of immigration and emigration of benthic stream invertebrates: theoretical considerations

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Simple mathematical models are formulated to describe density independent and density dependent dispersal. These models clarify hypotheses of density dependence and may be manipulated easily to suit particular applications. The models demonstrate that the initial composition of a species aggregate must be controlled before valid conclusions can be drawn about the density dependency of the aggregate's dispersal. Stochastic models of emigration are derived to assess the power of particular experimental designs and statistical techniques to discriminate a known form of density dependent emigration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bovbjerg, R. V., 1964. Dispersal of aquatic animals relative to density. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 15: 879–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corkum, L. D., 1978. The influence of density and behavioural type on the active entry of two mayfly species (Ephemeroptera) into the water column. Can. J. Zool. 56: 1201–1206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimond, J. B., 1967. Evidence that drift of stream benthos is density related. Ecology 48: 855–857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhardt, L. L., 1970. Correlation, regression, and density dependence. Ecology 51: 306–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleiss, J. L., 1973. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., 321 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, S. C., 1974. The relation of drift to benthos density and food level in an artificial stream. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19: 951–957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, D. A., 1970. Some factors affecting drift and upstream movements of Gammarus pulex. Ecology 51: 301–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hultin, L., 1971. Upstream movements of Gammarus pulex pulex (Amphipoda) in a South Swedish stream. Oikos 22: 329–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmkuhl, D. M. & N. H. Anderson, 1972. Microdistribution and density as factors affecting the downstream drift of mayflies. Ecology 53: 661–667.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, B. L., 1976. Population dynamics of Brachyptera risi nymphs (Plecoptera). Oikos 27: 281–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, W. D. & D. R. Franklin, 1968. Some factors affecting drift rates of Baetis and Simuliidae in a large river. Ecology 49: 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, W. D. & R. H. Kramer, 1972. Drift and production of two aquatic insects in a mountain stream. Ecol. Monogr. 42: 365–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peckarsky, B. L., 1979. Biological interactions as determinants of distributions of benthic invertebrates within the substrate of stony streams. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24: 59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peckarsky, B. L., 1980. Predator-prey interactions between stoneflies and mayflies: behavioral observations. Ecology 61: 932–943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peckarsky, B. L., 1981. Reply to comment by Sell. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 982–987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reisen, W. K. & R. Prins, 1972. Some ecological relationships of the invertebrate drift in Praters Creek, Pickens County, South Carolina. Ecology 53: 876–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sell, D. W., 1981. Comment on the analysis of biological interactions of stream invertebrates. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 981–982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, A. L., 1977. Colonization curves: application to stream insects on semi-natural substrates. Oikos 28: 256–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulfstrand, S., 1968. Benthic animal communities in Lapland streams. Oikos Suppl. 10: 1–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, O. E. Jr., S. R. Reice & R. W. Andrews, 1977. The effects of density, sediment particle size and velocity on drift of Acroneuria abnormis (Plecoptera). Oikos 28: 291–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, O. E. Jr, 1978. Substrate attachment by drifting aquatic insect larvae. Ecology 59: 1023–1030.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. F., 1965. Interpretation of invertebrate drift in streams. Ecology 46: 327–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, T. F., 1972. The drift of stream insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 17: 253–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiley, M. & S. Kohler, 1981. An assessment of biological interactions in an epilithic stream community using time lapse cinematography. Hydrobiologia 78: 183–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. D., 1977. Movements of benthos during the recolonization of temporary streams. Oikos 29: 306–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. D. & H. B. N. Hynes, 1976. The recolonization of stream benthos. Oikos 27: 265–272.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Contribution No. 369, Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan

Contribution No. 369, Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chang, W.Y.B., Sell, D.W. Determining the density dependence of immigration and emigration of benthic stream invertebrates: theoretical considerations. Hydrobiologia 108, 49–55 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00028182

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00028182

Keywords

Navigation