Skip to main content
Log in

Herbicides and planting date affect early performance of container-grown and bare-root loblolly pine seedlings in Alabama

  • Published:
New Forests Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The survival of bare-root and container-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings exceeded 90% when outplanted in March at two sites in Lee County, Alabama. At both sites, soil moisture and seedling survival were greater in March than in May. A March herbicide application reduced weed biomass by 75–80% at both sites. At the moist site, herbicide application did not affect survival. However, at the drier site, a reduction in weed biomass increased both the percent soil moisture and the survival of May-planted bare-root seedlings. When soil moisture at planting time was less than 13% on a dry weight basis container-grown seedlings survived better than bare-root seedlings. At both sites, reduced weed competition resulted in greater seedling heights and diameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alm A.A. (1974) Pine tubeling survival varies with vegetative competition. Tree Planters' Notes 25(1):33–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnott J.T. (1975) Field performance of container grown and bare-root trees in coastal British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 5:186–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett J.P. (1983) containerized pine seedlings for revegetating difficult sites. J. Soil and Water Conservation 38:462–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett J.P. (1984) Relating seedling physiology to survival and growth in container-grown southern pines. In Seedling physiology and reforestation success, M.L. Duryea and G.N. Brown, eds. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. p. 157–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilan, M.V. (1961) Effect of planting date on regeneration and development of roots of loblolly pine seedlings. Proc. 13th Congr. Int. Union For. Res. Organ., Vienna 2(1), Sect. 22/15, 5 p.

  • Brown J.H. (1980) Competition control in Christmas tree plantations. Tree Planters' Notes 31(1):16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce R.R., J.H. Dane, V.L. Quisenberry, N.L. Powell, and A.W. Thomas (1983) Physical characteristics of soils in the southern region: Cecil. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 267. Georgia Agri. Exp. Sta. and University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. 200 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, J.A. Evans and R.A. (1974) Control of annual grasses and revegetation in ponderosa pine woodlands. Journal of Range Management 27(2):143–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dierauf, T.A. and L.C. Edwards (1985) A three-year study of immersing stored loblolly pine seedlings in water before planting. Virginia Div. For. Occasional Report No. 66, 7 p.

  • Dimock, E.J. (1981) Herbicide and conifer options for reforesting upper slopes in the Cascade Range. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Exp. Sta. Res. Paper PNW-292, 14 p.

  • Eckert R.E. Jr. (1979) Establishment of pine (Pinus spp.) transplants in perennial grass stands with atrazine. Weed Science 27:253–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, O.C. (1982) Survival and growth of 1–0 loblolly pine seedlings receiving three root dipping treatments after one growing season. North Carolina Div. of For. Resources. Forestry Note No. 54, 3 p.

  • Guldin R.W. (1981) Outlook for container grown seedlings in reforestation of southern woodlands. Forest Farmer XLI(2):16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann W.F. Jr. (1977) Status and outlook of containerization in the South. J. For. 75:579–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald S. and S.L. Krugman (1986) Worldwide planting of southern pines. In Proc. International Symposium on Nursery Management Practices for the Southern Pines, D.B. South, ed. Ala. Agric. Exp. Sta., Auburn University, Ala. p. 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNutt R.B. (1981) Soil survey of Lee County, Alabama. Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1981–328–285/93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, C.S. (1985) 1984 Secondary screening in pine plantations: Oust and Roundup rate and timing results. Ala. Agric. Exp. Sta., Auburn University Silvicultural Herbicide Cooperative Research. Note No. 85–3, 15 p.

  • Owston, P.W. and W.I. Stein (1974) A suggested method for comparing containerized and bare-root seedling performance on forest lands. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Pacific NW Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Res. Note PNW-222, 12 p.

  • SAS Institute, Inc. (1982) SAS user's guide: statistics, 1982. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, N.C. 542 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw D.V. (1985) Containerized seedlings a good buy. Forest Farmer 45(1):11–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor G.W. and W.G. Cochran (1978) Statistical methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stransky J.J. (1961) Weed control, soil moisture, and loblolly pine seedling behavior. J. Forest. 59:282–284, 289–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton R.F. (1975) Nutrition and growth of white spruce outplants: Enhancement by herbicidal site preparation. Can. J. For. Res. 5:217–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torbert J.L. Jr., J.A. Burger, J.N. Lien, and S.H. Schoenholtz. (1985) Results of a tree species trial on a recontoured surface mine in southwestern Virginia. South. J. Appl. For. 9:150–153.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Alabama Experiment Station Journal Series No. 9-85802.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

South, D.B., Barnett, J.P. Herbicides and planting date affect early performance of container-grown and bare-root loblolly pine seedlings in Alabama. New Forest 1, 17–27 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00028118

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00028118

Key words

Navigation