Abstract
The height variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling stock was studied using data from annual inventories of seedling crops. The heights of 240 batches of 2-year-old and 3-year-old transplanted seedling from the years 1973–1986 grown at three nurseries in southern Finland were examined. From each batch, 100 clusters of three successive seedlings were systematically located and measured. The mean heights of the seedling batches ranged from 7.8 to 27.0 cm, with a mean of 14.1 cm. Within batch standard deviations ranged from 1.7 to 7.8 cm, with a mean standard deviation of 3.7 cm. There was considerable variation in the mean heights of seedling batches both within a given year and between years. However, estimated variance components of seedling height showed that year, batch and cluster effect each accounted for about 20 percent of the total variance, while seedling effect explained the remaining 40 percent. The implications of results for single tree and batch grading are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armson, K. A. and Sadreika, V. 1974. Forest tree nursery soil management and related practices. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. 178 p.
Burdett, A. N. and Simpson, D. G. 1984. Lifting, grading, packaging, and storing. pp. 227–234. In: Duryea, M. L. and Landis, T. D. (eds) Forest Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Heikinheimo, O. 1949. Tuloksia kuusen ja männyn maantieteellisillä roduilla suoritetuista kokeista. Summary: Results of experiments on the geographical races of spruce and pine. Commun. Inst. For. Fenn. 37.2. 44 p.
Heikurainen, L. 1973. Soiden metsänkasvatuskelpoisuuden laskentamenetelmä. Summary: A method for calculation of the suitability of peatlands for forest drainage. Acta For. Fenn. 131. 35 p.
Hermann, R. K. and Lavender, D. P. 1976. Large stock: is it really superior? Unpublished contributed paper, XVI IUFRO World Congress, Working group S.1.05.04. Oslo, Norway. 8 p.
Huuri O., Kytökorpi K., Leikola M., Raulo J., and Räsänen P. K. 1970. Tutkimuksia taimityyppiluokituksen laatimista varten. I. Vuonna 1967 metsänviljelyyn käytettyjen taimien morfologiset ominaisuudet. Summary: Investigations on the basis for grading nursery stock. I. The morphological characteristics of seedlings used for planting in the year 1967. Folia For. 82. 20 p.
Koski, V. 1980. Minimivaatimukset männyn siemenviljelmille Suomessa. Summary: Minimum requirements for seed orchards of Scots pine in Finland. Silva Fenn. 14(2): 136–149.
Lappi J. 1986. Mixed linear models for analyzing and predicting stem form variation of Scots pine. Commun. Inst. For. Fenn. 134. 69 p.
Leikola M. and Raulo J. 1973. Tutkimuksia taimityyppiluokituksen laatimista varten. III. Taimien morfologisten tunnusten muuttuminen kasvukauden aikana. Summary: Investigations on the basis for grading nursery stock. III. Changes in morphological characteristics of nursery stock during the vegetation period. Folia For. 178. 19 p.
Ritchie, G. A. 1984. Assessing seedling quality. pp. 243–259. In: Duryea, M. L. and Landis, T. D. (eds) Forest Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Räsänen, P. K. and Leikola, M. 1974. Morphological and physiological qualities of forest plants, their valuation and signification for successful planting. Research and practical activities in Finland. Unpublished contributed paper, IUFRO Joint Meeting of Div. 1 and 3, “Stand Establishment”, Wageningen, The Netherlands, October 15–19, 1974. 7 p.
Räsänen, P. K. and Kaila, S. 1980. Männyn ja kuusen taimien kokoluokitus (In Finnish). (Size classification for Scots pine and Norway spruce planting stock.) University of Helsinki, Department of Silviculture, Research Notes 26. 111 p.
Räsänen, P. K. and Koivuniemi, J. 1985. Paljasjuuristen männyn taimien kokoluokitus Etelä-Suomessa (In Finnish). (Size classification for bareroot Scots pine planting stock in southern Finland.) University of Helsinki, Department of Silviculture, Research Notes 53. 40 p.
Sarvas, R. 1964. Some aspects in culling nursery stock before outplanting. Unpublished contributed paper, FAO Joint Working Party on Techniques of Forest Extension and Restoration. Paris, October 1964. 13 p.
SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5 edn. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. 1985. 956 p.
Schmidt-Vogt, H. 1966. Wachstum und Qualität von Forstpflanzen. 2 erw. Aufl. von ”die Gütebeurteilung von Forstpflanzen”. Bayerischer Landwirtschaft Verlag, München. 210 p.
Searle, S. R. 1971. Linear Models. John Wiley, New York. 532 p.
Sutton, R.F. 1979. Planting stock quality and grading. Forest Ecol. Manage. 2: 123–132.
Thompson, B. E. 1985. Seedling morphological evaluation—What you can tell by looking. pp. 53–71. In: Duryea, M. L. (ed). Evaluating Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests. Forest Research Laboratory. Oregon State University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jalkanen, A., Rikala, R. & Smolander, H. Height variation of transplanted seedlings of Scots pine in Finnish nurseries. New Forest 2, 247–259 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027940
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027940