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The yielding capacity of tetraploid sugar and fodder beets

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Abstract

Since the discovery of the use of colchicine in plant breeding, breeders have created tetraploid sugar and fodder beet. The results obtained were not very encouraging and therefore they soon proceeded to develop varieties containing triploids.

At the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen, polyploidy breeding was started in 1950. The initial material comprised two sugar beet varieties and five fodder beet varieties. By cytological examination of the aberrant individuals in the first and the second year after colchicine treatment, seed was obtained which produced a high percentage of tetraploids. In total 793 C2 families were tested on trial fields and from these 32% appeared to be better than the original diploid material.

The breeders interested in the material were provided with seed and stecklings of all the families in the C1, C2 or C3 stage. With the distribution of this material the building up of tetraploid families at the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding has been closed.

Samenvatting

Sedert de ontdekking van de toepassingsmogelijkheden van eolchicine in de plantenveredeling zijn de kwekers begonnen met het tetraploid maken van suiker- en voederbieten. De verkregen resultaten waren niet erg hoopvol en reeds spoedig is men daarom overgegaan tot het creëren van rassen, waarin triploiden voorkomen.

De S.V.P. is in 1950 begonnen met de polyploidieveredeling van 2 suikerbieten en 5 voederbietenrassen. Door de afwijkende bieten in hun eerste en tweede levensjaar nauwkeurig cytologisch te onderzoeken werd zaad verkregen, waarin een hoog percentage tetraploiden voorkwam. In een éénjarige zaadteelt werd van de C1 bietenzaad geoogst, dat op het proefveld werd uitgezaaid.

In totaal werden 798 families in het C2 stadium onderzocht en hiervan bleek 32% beter te zijn dan de diploide uitgangsrassen. Van een jaargang werd van de beste families zaad op het proefveld uitgezaaid, het percentage van het aantal families, dat beter was dan het uitgangsmateriaal bleek iets groter.

Van de overige families werd ook zaad geoogst; zij kwamen in het stadium C3 iets slechter naar voren dan de beste families.

Aan de daarvoor in aanmerking komende kwekers zijn van alle families in het C1-, C2- of C3-stadium zaad en stekbieten afgestaan, waarmede de opbouw van de tetraploide rassen door de S.V.P. is afgesloten.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen

    D. Kloen & G. J. Speckmann

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  1. D. Kloen
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  2. G. J. Speckmann
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Kloen, D., Speckmann, G.J. The yielding capacity of tetraploid sugar and fodder beets. Euphytica 8, 29–36 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022086

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022086

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