Abstract
This article introduces a quasi-deformation plasticity theory which takes account of nonproportional loading by means of an orthotropic yield surface. The analysis is used to extend fracture mechanics concepts beyond the normal limits of J-integral theory. A simple correction for crack tip stresses is derived from the quasi-deformation assumption. This correction indicates that the degree of crack tip triaxiality is related to the relationship between the J-integral and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). Predictions of crack tip stress fields agree well with published finite element results.
The simple correction for crack tip fields is used in conjunction with micromechanical failure models for cleavage and microvoid coalescence to predict fracture toughness in large scale yielding. These analyses indicate that cleavage toughness is very sensitive to losses in triaxiality. Predictions for a center cracked panel, for instance, indicate that the effective driving force for cleavage may be significantly less than the apparent driving force. Resistance to crack initiation by microvoid coalesence is affected by constraint but it is not nearly as sensitive as cleavage resistance.
Résumé
L'article introduit la théorie de la plasticité sous déformations virtuelles qui prend en compte une mise en charge non proportionnelle au moyen d'une surface d'écoulement plastique orthotrope.
On utilise l'analyse par l'exclusion des concepts de mécanique de rupture au delà des limites normales de la théorie de l'intégrale J. Par l'hypothèse des déformations virtuelles, on déduit une correction simple pour les contraintes à l'extrémité de la fissure. Cette correction indique que le degré de triaxialité à l'extrémité de la fissure] est lié à la relation entre l'intégrale J et le CTOD. Les prévisions sur les champs de contraintes à l'extrémité de la fissure sont en bon accord avec les résultats par éléments finis qui sont publiés.
La correction simple pour des champs à l'extrémité d'une fissure est utilisée dans des modèles de rupture à l'échelle microscopique pour le clivage et la coalescence de micro-lacunes, en vue de prédire la ténacité à la rupture lors d'un écoulement plastique à grande échelle.
De telles analyses indiquent que la ténacité par rapport au clivage est très sensible à des pertes de triaxialité. Ainsi, par exemple, les prédictions relatives à un panneau fissuré en son centre, indiquent que la force entraînant effectivement le clivage peut être significativement moindre qu'il n'appert.
La résistance à l'amorcage d'une fissure sous l'effet d'une coalescence de micro-lacunes est affectée par le bridage, mais elle n'y est pas aussi sensible que la résistance au clivage.
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Anderson, T.L. Crack tip parameters for large scale yielding and low constraint configurations. Int J Fract 41, 79–104 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018479
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018479