Abstract
Ham's Lake was destratified in the summers of 1977 and 1978 by pumping surface water to the bottom. However, an arm was prevented from mixing by a submerged dam of a former farm pond and remained stratified. The concentration of manganese in the water increased to over 5 000 µg 1−1 in the hypolimnion of the anoxic arm in summer. Soluble manganese averaged 28% of total concentration. Total iron concentrations were relatively high in the water and sorbed iron values were extremely low in the sediments. Soluble iron averaged 12% of total concentration. Zinc values were low in the water and sediments. Chaoborus punctipennis and Chironomus riparius concentrated iron and zinc and discriminated against manganese. Concentration factors were unaffected by mixing.
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Cover, E., Wilhm, J. Effect of artificial destratification on iron, manganese, and zinc in the water, sediments, and two species of benthic macroinvertebrates in an Oklahoma lake. Hydrobiologia 87, 11–16 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016657
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016657