Abstract
The food consumption of all fish species was estimated at nine sites in two lowland rivers. The fish populations, whose diet consisted chiefly of invertebrates (88%), used on the average 9.88 (7.14–13.3) kg of invertebrates for the production of 1 kg of fish flesh. This number of invertebrates corresponds to 39.35 ± 7.34 MJ (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGadiiEayaara% aaaa!3703!\[\bar x\] ± S.D.). In estimating the effective use of consumed (K1) and assimilated (K2) food for growth, it was found that the predominance of food of animal origin over plant of detrital food resulted in a decrease in the living cost (maintenance ration) of fish.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, S., 1976. The ecology of eelgrass, Zostera marina (L.), fish communities. 2: Functional analysis. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 22: 291–311.
Andrewartha, H. G., 1972. Introduction to the study of animal populations. The University of Chicago Press, 283 pp.
Elliott, J. M., 1975. The growth rate of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) fed on reduced rations. J. anim. Ecol. 44: 823–842.
Grodzinski, W., Klekowski, R. Z. & Duncan, A., 1975. Methods for ecological bioenergetics. IBP Handbook 24. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 367 pp.
Iwaszkiewicz, M., 1964. The course of natural regeneration of ichthyofauna in the section of a stream after an experimental outcatch of fish electrofishing. Pr. Kom. Nauk rol. i leśn. Poznań, 18: 1–14.
Klekowski, R. Z. & Beczkowski, J., 1973. A new modification of microbomb calorimeter. Ecol. pol. 21: 229–238.
Krebs, Ch. J., 1978. Ecology: the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. Harper & Row, 678 pp.
LeCren, E. D., 1972. Fish production in Freshwaters. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 29: 115–133.
Mann, K. H., 1965. Energy transformations by a population of fish in the River Thames. J. anim. Ecol. 34: 253–275.
Mann, K. H., 1969. The dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Adv. ecol. Res. 6: 1–71.
Mann, K. H., 1972. Case history. The River Thames. In: Oglesby, R. T. (ed.), River Ecology and Man. Academic Press, N.Y., pp. 215–232.
Mann, K. H., 1978. Estimating the food consumption of fish in nature. In: Gerking, S. D. (ed.), Ecology of Freshwater Fish Production. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 250–273.
Mann, K. H., Britton, R. H., Kowalczewski, A., Lack, T. J., Mathews, C. P. & McDonald, I., 1972. Productivity and energy flow at all trophic levels in the River Thames, England. In: Z. Kajak & Hillbricht-Ilkowska, A. (eds.), Proc. IBP-UNESCO Symp. Kazimierz Dolny, Poland. May 6–12, 1970. Polish Scientific , Publishers, Warszawa, pp. 576–596.
Mortensen, E., 1981. Energy flow in trout (Salmo trutta L.) population and the benthic invertebrate community of Bisballe baek, Denmark. I Jornadas de Ichtyologia Iberica. Leon, 26–30 mayo 1981.
Nynberg, P., 1979. Production and food consumption of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), in two Swedish forest lakes. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm 58: 140–158.
Penczak, T., 1981. Ecological fish production in two small lowland rivers in Poland. Oecologia 48: 107–111.
Penczak, T., Galicka, W., Molinski, M., Kusto, E. & Zalewski, M., 1982a. The enrichment of a mesotrophic lake by carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen from the cage aquaculture of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. J. appl. Ecol. 19: 371–393.
Penczak, T., Molinski, M., Kusto, E., Ichniowska, B. & Zalewski, M., 1977. The ecology of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), in the barbel region of the polluted Pilica River. 3. Lipids, protein, total nitrogen and caloricity. Ecol. pol. 25: 75–88.
Penczak, T., Molinski, M., Kusto, E., Palusiak, H., Panusz, H. & Zalewski, M., 1976. The ecology of roach. (Rutilus rutilus L.), in the barbel region of the polluted Pilica River. 2. Dry weight, ash and contents f of some elements. Ekol. pol. 24: 623–638.
Penczak, T., Suszycka, E. & Molinski, M., 1982b. Production, consumption and energy transformations by fish populations in a small lowland river. Ekol. pol. 30: 111–137.
Penczak, T., Zalewski, M., Suszycka, E. & Molinski, M., 1981. Estimates of density, biomass and growth of ish populations in two small lowland rivers. Ekol. pol. 29: 233–255.
Prus, T., 1975. Measurement of caloric value using the Phillipson microbomb calorimeter. In: Grodzinski, W. (ed.), IBP Handbook 24. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 149–160.
Ricker, W. E., 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Fish. Res. Bd Can. Bull. 191, 382 pp.
Staples, D. J. & Nomura, M., 1976. Influence of body size and food ration on the energy budget of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). J. Fish. Biol. 9: 29–43.
Vannote, R. L., Minshall, W. G., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R. & Cushing, C. E., 1980. The river continuum concept. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 37: 130–137.
Winberg, G. G., 1956. Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. Nauchnye Trudy Belorusskogo Gasudarstvennogo Universiteta, Minsk, 253 pp. (Transl. from Russian by J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. Transl. Ser. 194, 1960).
Zalewski, M. & Penczak, T., 1981. Characterization of the fish community of the Utrata River drainage-basin, and evaluation of the efficiency of catching methods. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 28: 385–396.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Penczak, T., Kusto, E., Krzyżanowska, D. et al. Food consumption and energy transformations by fish populations in two small lowland rivers in Poland. Hydrobiologia 108, 135–144 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014873
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014873