Abstract
A phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis was conducted for 15 ancyrocephalid (Monogenea) species parasitizing North American freshwater fishes. The analysis was based on 10 (four binary and six multistate) characters. Vaginal characters were not included due to insufficient data. The resultant, most parsimonious cladogram was 38 steps long with a consistency index of 0.921: reduced consistency was attributed to two cases of homoplasy and one reversal. Three unresolved polychotomies were observed. Three clades were recognized: clade 1 — Actinocleidus species; clade 2 — Anchoradiscoides, Anchoradiscus, Clavunculus species and Syncleithrium; and clade 3 — Crinicleidus species. The protocol for and implications of character identification and polarisation and the establishment of transformation series were discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allison, T.C. (1967) Three new species of monogenetic trematodes from the gills of Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque and Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque of Texas and the proposal of a new genus Macrohaptor. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 1005–1007.
Archie, J.W. (1985) Methods for coding variable morphological features for numerical taxonomic analysis. Systematic Zoology, 34, 326–345.
Beverley-Burton, M. (1981) Actinocleidus oculatus (Mueller, 1934) and A. recurvatus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae) from Lepomis gibbosus L. (Pisces: Centrarchidae) in Ontario, Canada: anatomy and systematic position. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1810–1817.
Beverley-Burton, M. (1984) Monogenea and Turbellaria. In Margolis, L. & Kabata, Z. [Eds] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part I. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 74, 209 pp.
Beverley-Burton, M. (1986) The taxonomic status of Actinocleidus Mueller, 1937; Anchoradiscus Mizelle, 1941; Clavunculus Mizelle et al., 1956; Anchoradiscoides Rogers, 1967; Syncleithrium Price, 1967 and Crinicleidus n. gen.: North American ancyrocephalids (Monogenea) with articulating haptoral bars. Journal of Parasitology, 72, 22–44.
Beverley-Burton, M. & Suriano, D.M. (1980) Cleidodiscus robustus Mueller, 1934 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Lepomis gibbosus L. (Pisces: Centrarchidae) in Ontario, Canada: anatomy and systematic position. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 654–660.
Brooks, D.R., Caira, J.N., Platt, T.R. & Pritchard, M.H. (1984) Principles and methods of phylogenetic systematics: a cladistic workbook. Special publication number 12, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 88 pp.
Brooks, D.R., O'Grady, R.T. & Glen, D.R. (1985) The phylogeny of the Cercomeria Brooks, 1982 (Platyhelminthes). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 52, 1–20.
Colless, D.H. (1985) On “character” and related terms. Systematic Zoology, 34, 229–233.
Ehlers, U. (1984) Phylogenetisches System der Plathelminthes. Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 27, 291–294.
Eldridge, N. (1979) Cladism and common sense. In: Cracraft, J. & Eldridge, N. [Eds] Phylogenetic analysis and paleontology. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 165–198.
Farris, J.S. (1969) A successive approximations approach to character weighting. Systematic Zoology, 18, 374–385.
Farris, J.S. (1970) Methods for computing Wagner trees. Systematic Zoology, 19, 83–92.
Fitch, W.M. (1971) Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Systematic Zoology, 20, 406–416.
Ghiselin, M.T. (1984) “Definitions”, “characters”, and other equivocal terms. Systematic Zoology, 33, 104–110.
Klassen, G.J. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1987) Phylogenetic relationships of Ligictaluridus spp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) and their ictalurid (Siluriformes) hosts: an hypothesis. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 54, 84–90.
Hartigan, J.A. (1973) Minimum mutation fits to a given tree. Biometrics, 29, 53–65.
Lambert, A. (1980a) Oncomiracidia and phylogenesis of Monogenea (Platyhelminthes). Part one: post-larval development. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 55, 165–198.
Lambert, A. (1980b) Oncomiracidia and phylogenesis of Monogenea. Part 2: the argyrophilic structures of oncomiracidia and phylogenesis of Monogenea. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 55, 281–326.
Maddison, W.P., Donahue, M.J. & Maddison, D.R. (1984) Outgroup analysis and parsimony. Systematic Zoology, 33, 83–103.
Malmberg, G. (1970) The excretory systems and the marginal hooks as a basis for the systematics of Gyrodactylus (Trematoda, Monogenea). Arkiv for Zoologi, Ser. 2, 23, 1–235.
Mayes, M.A. & Miller, G.C. (1973) A new genus and three new species of monogenetic trematodes from North Carolina centrarchids, with a redescription of Clavunculus okeechobeensis (Mizelle and Seamster) comb. n. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 42, 146–149.
Mickevitch, M.F. (1982) Transformation series analysis. Systematic Zoology, 31, 461–478.
Murith, D. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1984) Tetracleidus banghami Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede (Pisces: Centrarchidae) in Ontario, Canada: anatomy, systematic position, and emended familial and generic diagnoses. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 992–997.
Murith, D. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1985) Salsuginus Beverley-Burton, 1984 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Cyprinodontoidei (Atheriniformes) in North America with descriptions of S. angularis (Mueller, 1934) n. comb. from Fundulus diaphanus and S. heterocliti n. sp. from F. heteroclitus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 703–714.
Neff, N.A. (1986) A rational basis for a priori character weighting. Systematic Zoology, 35, 110–123.
Rodrigues, P.D. (1986) On the term character. Systematic Zoology, 35, 140–141.
Rogers, W.A. (1967) New genera and species of Ancyrocephalinae (Trematoda: Monogenea) from centrarchid fishes of the southeastern U.S. Journal of Parasitology, 53, 15–20.
Suriano, D.M. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1981) Urocleidus aculeatus (Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932) (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae) from Stizostedion vitreum Mitchill (Pisces: Percidae) in eastern North America: anatomy and systematic position. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 240–245.
Watrous, L.E. & Wheeler, Q.D. (1981) The out-group comparison method of character analysis. Systematic Zoology, 30, 1–11.
Wheeler, Q.D. (1986) Character weighting and cladistic analysis. Systematic Zoology, 35, 102–109.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klassen, G.J., Beverley-Burton, M. North American freshwater ancyrocephalids (Monogenea) with articulating haptoral bars: phylogeny reconstruction. Syst Parasitol 11, 49–57 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006976
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006976