Abstract
To further study the toxicity of cadmium in the euryhaline alga, Dunaliella bioculata, ATPase activity and Cd2+ interactions were investigated in this species.
Ultracytochemical studies showed the presence of ATPase reaction after incubation with Ca2+ and Mg2+, on different cell structures, the cytoplasm, the nucleoplasm, the axoneme and the membrane of the flagellae. In the cytoplasm, the localization of the lead precipates suggests that they are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.
The in vitro measurement of enzyme activity in crude cell extracts obtained by a partial solubilization of deflagellated algae with Triton X100, revealed a high Mg2+ dependent pyrophosphatase activity, a weak Mg2+-ATPase and a Ca2+-ATPase (Km = 0.12 mM) which was little sensitive to vanadate. In these extracts, a Ca2+ dependent ATPase was detected at the level of a double band by a non-denaturing electrophoresis. The same activity was found in the supernatant of sonicated cells in the absence of detergent, which suggests that this ATPase could be a cytosolic enzyme.
In plasma membrane fractions, vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity was measured. This reaction was activated either by Mg2+ at relatively low concentrations (Km = 150µm) or by Ca2 +, but required unusually high concentrations of this ion, 50–100 mM.
The inhibitory effects of Cd2+ on Ca2+ ATPase activity in cell extracts were compared with those of other cations. The range of toxicity was: Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > La3+ > Co2+. For Cd2+, the IC50 was 42 µM. The nature of inhibition, though, mixed was for the most part competitive, since the competitive constant value (Ki = 7 µM) was lower than the non-competitive constant value (K′i = 35 µM).
In plasma membrane fractions, ATPase activity showed a high sensitivity to the heavy metal. It was non-competitively inhibited by cadmium in a narrow range of micromolar concentrations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- PM:
-
plasma membrane
- ER:
-
endoplasmic reticulum
- EGTA:
-
ethylene glycol bis (2-aminoethyl ether)-N, N′-tetraacetic acid
- DES:
-
diethylstilbestrol
- HEPES:
-
4-(2′ hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethane-sulfonic acid
- MES:
-
2(N-morpholino) ethane-sulfonic acid
- PIPES:
-
piperazin 1-4 bis (2-ethane-sulfonic acid).
References
Ames, B. N., 1966. Assay of inorganic phosphate, total phosphate and phosphatases. Methods in Enzymol. VIII: 115–118.
Akerman, K. E. O.,J. Honkaniemi, I. J. Scott & L. C. Anderson 1985. Interaction of Cd2+ with the calmodulin-activated (Ca2+ Mg2+)-ATPase activity of human erythrocyte ghosts. B.B.A. 845: 45–53.
Balke, N. E. & T. K. Hodges, 1979. Inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity of the plasma membrane fraction of oat roots by diethylstilbestrol. Plant Physiol. 63: 48–52.
Bondy, S. C. & H. Komulainen, 1988. Intracellular calcium as an index of neurotic damage. Toxicology 49: 35–41.
Boxer, L. M. & D. Korn 1980. Structural and enzymological characterization of a deoxyribonucleic acid dependent adenosine triphosphatase from KB cell nuclei. Biochemistry 19: 2623–2633.
Collins, C. A. & R. B. Vallee 1986. A microtube-activated ATPase from sea-urchin eggs, distinct from cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin. PNAS 83: 4799–4803.
Cornish-Bowden, A., 1974. A simple graphical method for determining the inhibition constant of mixed, uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Biochem. J. 137: 143–144.
Dixon, M., 1953. The determination of enzyme inhibitors constants. Biochem. J. 55: 451–458.
Einspahr, K. J., M. Maeda & G. A. Thompson Jr., 1988. Concurrent changes in Dunaliella salina ultrastructure and membrane phospholipid metabolism after hyperosmotic shock. J. Cell Biol. 107: 529–538.
Gimmler, H., L. Schneider & R. Kaaden, 1989. The plasma membrane ATPase of Dunaliella parva. Z. Naturforsch. 44c: 128–138.
Grizeau, D., R. Calvayrac & S. Puiseux-Dao, 1982. Action de l'EPTC et de certains de ses antagonistes sur la croissance de Dunaliella bioculata. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 294 III: 352–356.
Haberman, E. & G. Richardt, 1986. Intracellular calcium binding proteins as targets for heavy metal ions. TIPS 7: 298–300.
Heuillet, E., A. Moreau, S. Halpern, N. Jeanne & S. Puiseux-Dao, 1986. Cadmium binding to a thiol-molecule in vacuoles of Dunaliella bioculata contaminated with CdCl2: electron microanalysis. Biol. Cell. 56: 79–86.
Heuillet, E., A. Bermond, N. Jeanne, S. Puiseux-Dao & C. Ducauze, 1988. Use of factorial design to evaluate how biotic and abiotic factors influence cadmium accumulation in the unicellar alga Dunaliella bioculata. Mar. Ecol. 44: 69–75.
Hinkle, P. M., P. A. Kinsella & C. Osterhoudt, 1987. Cadmium uptake and toxicity via voltage-sensitive calcium channels. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 16333–16337.
Kaaden, R. & H. Gimmler, 1989. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependent ATPases of the endoplasmic reticulum of Dunaliella parva. J. Plant Physiol. 133: 678–685.
Karez, C. S., D. Allemand, G. de Renzis, M. Gnassia-Barelli, M. Romeo & S. Puiseux-Dao, 1990. Ca-Cd interaction in the prymnesiophyte Cricosphaera elongata. Plant Cell Envir. 13: 483–487.
Katz, A., A. R. Kaback & M. Avron, 1986. Na+/H+ antiport in isolated plasma membrane vesicles from the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina. FEBS letters 202: 141–144.
Lindberg, S. & G. Wingstrand, 1985. Mechanism for Cd2+ inhibition of (K+ Mg2+) ATPase activity and K+ (86Rb+) uptake join roots of sugar beets. Physiol. Plant. 63: 181–186.
Maizel, J. P., 1971. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral proteins. In K. Maramorozik K. & H. Kaprowski (eds), Methods in Virology. 179–246.
Orrenius, S., D. J. McConkey, G. Bellomo & P. Nicotera, 1989. Role of calcium in toxic cell killing. Tips 10: 281–285.
Richardt, G., G. Federolf & E. Habermann 1986. Affinity of heavy metals to intracellular Ca2+-binding proteins. Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1331–1335.
Sheffer, M. & M. Avron, 1986. Isolation of the plasma membrane of the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina using sulforhodamine B as a probe. B.B.A. 857: 155–164.
Tu, S. I. & J. N. Brouillette, 1987. Metal ion inhibition of corn root plasma membrane ATPase. Phytochem. 26: 65–69.
Verbost, P. M., M. H. M. N. Senden & C. H. Van Os, 1987. Nanomolar concentrations of Cd2+ inhibit Ca2+ transport system in plasma membranes and intracellular Ca2+ stores in intestinal epithelium. B.B.A. 902: 247–252.
Verbost, P. M., G. Flik, R. A. C. Lock & S. E. Wendelaar Bonga, 1988. Cadmium inhibits plasma membrane calcium transport. J. Memb. Biol. 102: 97–104.
Walter, P., D. Allemand, G. de Renzis & P. Payan, 1989. Mediating effect of calcium in HgCl2 cytotoxicity in sea urchin eggs: role of mitochondria in Ca2+-mediated cell death. B.B.A. 1012: 219–226.
Witman, G. B., K. Carlson, J. Berliner & J. L. Rosenbaum 1972. Chlamydomonas flagella: Isolation and electrophoretic analysis of microtubules, matrix, membranes and mastigonems. J. Cell. Biol. 54: 507–529.
Xu, Y. H. & B. D. Roufogalis, 1988. Asymmetric effects of divalent cations and protons on active Ca2+ efflux and Ca2+-ATPase in intact red blood cells. J. Memb. Biol. 105: 155–164.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeanne, N., Dazy, A.C. & Moreau, A. Cadmium interactions with ATPase activity in the euryhaline alga Dunaliella bioculata . Hydrobiologia 252, 245–256 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005473
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005473