Synopsis
In mildly seasonal tropical climates, the pattern of marks on hard body parts of fishes may be difficult to interpret and unreliable for age determination. Many tropical fishes are now known to have annual peaks in spawning activity which are reflected in their length-frequency distributions. Although scales from freshwater stream fishes in the Baram River system of Sarawak, Malaysia revealed no clearly discernable pattern of annual marks, age classes could be identified from the length-frequency histograms with sufficient accuracy for production to be calculated. For management of the numerous and relatively unknown species present in rapidly developing tropical fisheries, serial quantitative samples at the same localities and inter-locality comparisons of length-frequency histograms may offer a fast and effective method of establishing the necessary age structures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References cited
Bagenal, T.B. & F.W. Tesch. 1978. Age and growth. pp. 101–136. In: T. Bagenal (ed.) Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters, IBP Handbook No. 3, third edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Balon, E.K. 1955. Growth of the roach (Rutilus rutilus) and the revision of the main methods of its determination. SAV Press, Bratislava. 166 pp (In Czech).
Balon, E.K. 1962. Age and growth of the chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) in the Orava River (1944–1952) and in Orava riverine lake in the years following its filling (1953–1958) (with methodological notes). Pracé Laboratória rybárstva 1: 79–104. (In Slovak).
Balon, E.K. 1963. Altersstruktur der Populationen und Wachstumsgesetzmässigkeiten der Donaubrachsen (Abramis brama, A. sapa, A. ballerus). Sborník Vysoké školy chemicko-technologické v Praze, Technologie vody 7: 459–542.
Balon, E.K. 1974. Fish production of a tropical ecosystem. pp. 249–574. In: E.K. Balon & A.G. Coche (ed.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa. Dr W. Junk, The Hague.
Balon, E.K. & E.M. Chadwick. 1974. Time of annulus inception: a pond experiment. pp. 643–646. In: E.K. Balon & A.G. Coche (ed.) Lake Kariba: A Man-Made Tropical Ecosystem in Central Africa, Dr W. Junk, The Hague.
Beamish, R.J. 1973. Determination of age and growth of populations of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exhibiting a wide range in size at maturity. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 607–616.
Beamish, R.J. 1981. Use of fin-ray sections to age walleye pollock, Pacific cod, and albacore, and the importance of this method. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 110: 287–299.
Brody, S. 1927. Growth rates, their evaluation and significance. Univ. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 97. 70 pp.
Brody, S. 1945. Bioenergetics and growth. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York 1023 pp.
Bryuzgin, V.L. 1969. Methods for study of growth of fishes from scales, bones and otoliths. Naukova Dumka Press, Kiev. 188 pp (In Russian).
Buchanan-Wollaston, H.J. & W.C. Hodgson. 1929. A new method of treating frequency curves in fisheries statistics, with some results. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 4: 207–225.
Buchholz, M.M. & K.D. Carlander. 1963. Failure of yellow bass, Roccus mississipiensis, to form annuli. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 92: 384–390.
Cassie, R.M. 1954. Some uses of probability paper in the analysis of size frequency distributions. Aust. J. Marine and Freshwater Res. 5: 513–522.
Chadwick, E.M.P. 1976. Ecological fish production in a small Precambrian shield lake. Env. Biol. Fish. 1: 13–60.
Chilton, D.E. & R.J. Beamish. 1982. Age determination methods for fishes studied by the Groundfish Program at the Pacific Biological Station. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, Ottawa. 102 pp.
Chugunova, N.I. 1939. On the method to study age of vobla from scales (on the basis of survey of scales of marked fish). Trudy VNIRO 11: 75–98. (In Russian).
Chugunova, N.I. 1963. Age and growth studies in fish. National Science Foundation, Washington. 132 pp.
DeBont, A.F. 1967. Some aspects of age and growth of fish in temperate and tropical waters. pp. 67–87. In: S.D. Gerking (ed.) The Biological Basis of Freshwater Fish Production, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Dudley, R.G. 1974. Biology of Tilapia of the Kafue floodplain, Zambia: predicted effects of the Kafue Gorge Dam. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 103: 281–291.
Foucher, R.P. & D. Fournier. 1982. Derivation of Pacific cod age composition using length frequency analysis. N.A.J. Fish. Mange. 2: 209–215.
Fryer, G. & T.D. Iles. 1972. The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City. 641 pp.
Garrod, D.J. 1959. The growth of Tilapia esculenta Graham in Lake Victoria. Hydrobiologia 12: 268–298.
Harding, J.P. 1949. The use of probability paper for the graphical analysis of polymodal frequency distributions. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 28: 141–153.
Hasselblad, V. 1966. Estimation of parameters for a mixture of normal distributions. Technometrics 8: 431–441.
Holden, M.J. 1955. Ring formation in the scales of Tilapia variabilis Boulenger and T. esculenta Graham from Lake Victoria. Rep. E. Afr. Freshwat. Fish. Res. Org. Appendix C: 36–40.
Hopson, A.J. 1965. Winter scale rings in Lates niloticus (Pisces: Centropomidae) from Lake Chad. Nature 208: 1013–1014.
Jensen, K.W. 1957. Determination of age and growth of Tilapia nilotica L., T. galilaea Art., T. zillii Gerv. and Lates niloticus C. et V. by means of their scales. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Forhandlinger 30: 150–157.
Johannes, R.E. 1978. Reproductive strategies of coastal marine fishes in the tropics. Env. Biol. Fish. 3: 65–84.
Johnels, A.G. 1952. Notes on scale rings and growth of tropical fishes from the Gambia River. Ark. Zool. Ser. 3: 363–366.
Kramer, D.L. 1978. Reproductive seasonality in fishes of a tropical stream. Ecology 59: 976–985.
Le Cren E.D. 1974. The effects of errors in ageing in production studies. pp. 221–224. In: T.B. Bagenal (ed.) Ageing of Fish Unwin Brothers, Old Woking.
Lowe-McConnell, R.H. 1964. The fishes of the Rupunni savanna district of British Guiana, South America. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 45: 103–144.
Lowe-McConnell, R.H. 1979. Ecological aspects of seasonality in fishes of tropical waters. pp. 219–241. In: P.J. Miller (ed.) Fish Phenology, Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 44: 219–241.
Mahon, R. & E.K. Balon. 1977. Ecological fish production in Long Pond, a lakeshore lagoon on Long Point, Lake Erie. Env. Biol. Fish. 2: 261–284.
Munro, J.L., V.C. Gant, R. Thompson & P.H. Reeson. 1973. The spawning seasons of Caribbean reef fishes. J. Fish Biol. 5: 69–84.
Regier, H.A. 1962. Validation of the scale method for estimating age and growth of bluegill. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 91: 362–374.
Ricker, W.E. 1968. Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters. IBP Handbook No. 3, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 313 pp.
Suda, A. 1954. Studies on the albacore. I. Size composition in the north Pacific ground between the period of its southward migration. Bull. Japanese Soc. Sci. Fish. 20: 460–468.
Tanaka, S. 1962. A method of analysing a polymodal frequency distribution and its application to the length distribution of the porgy, Taius tumifrons. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 19: 1143–1159.
Taylor, B.J.R. 1965. The analysis of polymodal frequency distributions. J. Anim. Ecol. 34: 445–452.
Turner, C.L. 1938. The reproductive cycle of Brachyraphis episcopi, an ovoviviparous poecilid fish, in the natural tropical habitat. Biol. Bull. 75: 56–65.
Van Oosten, J. 1923. The whitefishes (Coregonus clupeaformis). A study of the scales of whitefishes of known ages. Zoologica 2: 380–412.
Van Oosten, J. 1929. Life history of the lake herring (Leucichthys artedi LeSueur) of Lake Huron as revealed by its scales, with a critique of the scale method. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 44: 265–428.
Watson, D.J. 1982. Subsistence fish exploitation and implications for management in the Baram River system, Sarawak, Malaysia. Fish. Res. 1: 299–310.
Watson, D.J. & E.K. Balon. 1984a. Structure and production of fish communities in tropical rain forest streams of northern Borneo. Can. J. Zool. 62: 927–940.
Watson, D.J. & E.K. Balon. 1984b. Ecomorphological analysis of fish taxocenes in rainforest streams of northern Borneo. J. Fish Biol. 25: 371–384.
Welcomme, R.L. 1979. Fisheries ecology of floodplain rivers. Longman, New York. 317 pp.
Werder, U. & C.M. Soares. 1984. Age determination by sclerite numbers, and scale variations in six fish species from the Central Amazon (Osteichthyes, Characoidei). Amazoniana 8: 395–420.
Williams, D.M. 1983. Daily, monthly and yearly variability in recruitment of a guild of coral reef fishes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10: 231–327.
Yong, M.Y.Y. & R.H. Skillman. 1975. A computer program for analysis of polymodal frequency distributions. National Marine Fisheries Service, Honolulu. 28 pp [mimeograph].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Watson, D.J., Balon, E.K. Determination of age and growth in stream fishes of northern Borneo. Environ Biol Fish 13, 59–70 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004856
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00004856