Abstract
Substrate inhibition is one of the major problems preventing high cell densities of microalgae in heterotrophic culture, so the possibility of overcoming the problem by various culture techniques was examined. It was found that perfusion culture may be the most appropriate technique for high cell densities in heterotrophic culture using inhibitory substrates. An experimental example in which a hollow fibre cell recycle system (HFCRS) was employed to achieve high cell densities of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on acetate under heterotrophic conditions of growth was demonstrated. The cell density in the HFCRS was much higher than that reported in the literature for this species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benemann JR (1989) The future of microalgal biotechnology. In Cresswell RC, Rees TAV, Shah N (eds), Algal and Cyanobacterial Biotechnology. Longman Group UK Ltd., Harlow, England: 317–337.
Borowitzka MA, Huisman JM, Osborn A (1991) Culture of the astaxanthin-producing green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. 1. Effects of nutrients on growth and cell type. J. appl. Phycol. 3: 295–304.
Chen F (1989) The Fatty Acid Composition of Chlorella sorokiniana in Heterotrophic Growth. M. Eng. Sc. Thesis, The University of Queensland.
Chen F (1993) High Cell Density Culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on Acetate under Heterotrophic Conditions of Growth. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Queensland.
Chen F, Johns MR (1991) Effect of C/N ratio and aeration on the fatty acid composition of heterotrophic Chlorella sorokiniana. J. appl. Phycol. 3: 203–209.
Chen F, Johns MR (1994) Substrate inhibitory of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by acetate in heterotrophic culture. Process Biochem. 29: 245–252.
Dunstan GA, Volkman JK, Barrett SM, Garland CD (1993) Changes in the lipid composition and maximisation of the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of three microalgae grown in mass culture. J. appl. Phycol. 5: 71–83.
Endo H, Hosoya H, Koibuchi T (1977) Growth yields of Chlorella regularis in dark-heterotrophic continuous culture using acetate. J. Ferment. Technol. 55: 369–379.
Gudin C, Chaumont D (1991) Cell fragility — the key problem of microalgae mass production in closed photobioreactors. Bioresource Technol. 38: 145–151.
Hilaly AK, Karim MN, Guyre D (1994) Optimization of an industrial microalgae fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioengng 43: 314–320.
Javanmardian M. Palsson BO (1991) High-density photoautotrophic algal cultures: design, construction, and operation of a novel photobioreactor system. Biotechnol. Bioengng. 38: 1182–1189.
Johns MR, Tan CK, Chen F (1989) Heterotrophic microalgal production of chemicals. Proc. Eight Australian Biotechnology Conference. Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, 542–545.
Lee CW, Chang HN (1987) Kinetics of ethanol fermentations in membrane cell recycle fermentors. Biotechnol. Bioengng. 29: 1105–1112.
Ortega-Calvo JJ, Mazuelos C, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C (1993) Chemical composition of Spirulina and eukaryotic algae food products marketed in Spain. J. appl. Phycol. 5: 425–435.
Oswald WJ (1988) Large-scale algal culture systems (engineering aspects). In Borowitzka MA, Borowitzka LJ (eds), Micro-algal Biotechnology. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 357–394.
Richmond A (1992) Open systems for the mass production of photoautotrophic microalgae outdoors: physiological principles. J. appl. Phycol. 4: 281–286.
Tan CK, Johns MR (1991) Fatty acid production by heterotrophic Chlorella saccharophila. Hydrobiologia 215: 13–19.
Taylor RW, Sistani KR, Floyd M (1988) Algal biomass production, N uptake and N2 fixation in a synthetic medium. Biomass 15: 249–257.
Tredici MR, Carlozzi P, Chini Zittelli G, Materassi R (1991) A vertical alveolar panel (VAP) for outdoor mass cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Bioresource Technology 38: 153–159.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, F., Johns, M.R. A strategy for high cell density culture of heterotrophic microalgae with inhibitory substrates. J Appl Phycol 7, 43–46 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003548
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003548