Synopsis
The Etheostoma variatum complex is comprised of five species (E. euzonum, E. kanawhae, E. osburni, E. tetrazonum, E. variatum) distributed from the Allegheny River, New York, to the White River, Arkansas. Electrophoretic data provide evidence of a division of the complex into two geographic units: E. variatum, E. kanawhae, and E. osburni in the Appalachian region, and E. euzonum and E. tetrazonum in the Ozarks. Genic variation exists also between the Sac and Big river populations of E. tetrazonum. Genic variation and present faunal distributions suggest that an ancestral stock was widely distributed in Teays and Old Mississippi rivers but separated by a Pleistocene ice advance. Some populations survived in an Ozarkian refugium, while more eastern populations, such as the precursor to E. variatum, may have evolved in a southern refuge of the developing Ohio River. The Teays (New) River gorge, including Kanawha Falls, has prevented E. variatum from invading territory occupied by E. osburni and E. kanawhae.
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McKeown, P.E., Hocutt, C.H., Morgan, R.P. et al. An electrophoretic analysis of the Etheostoma variatum complex (Percidae: Etheostomatini), with associated zoogeographic considerations. Environ Biol Fish 11, 85–95 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002257
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002257