Synopsis
I examined the consequence of territorial behaviour on localized nest spacing by male smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu in Jones Bay, Lake Opeongo, Ontario. I compared observed nest spacing to that predicted from (i) territory size and shape measured using sonic tracking procedures; and (ii) 1000 simulated, randomly established nesting stocks. The observed spacing between nests (17.52 ± 1.46 m; mean ± standard error) was not different from that predicted from measurements of territory size and shape (17.60 ± 3.20 m) but was significantly greater than that predicted for randomly established nests (9.53 ± 0.06 m). Parental care-associated territorial behaviour influences the spacing between smallmouth bass nests.
References cited
Balon, E.K. 1984. Patterns in the evolution of reproductive styles in fishes. pp. 33–53 In: G. Potts & R.J. Wooten (ed.) Fish Reproduction: Strategies and Tactics, Academic Press, London.
Baylis, J.R., D.D. Weigmann & M.H. Hoff.1995. Alternating life histories of smallmouth bass. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. (in press).
Coble, D. 1975. Smallmouth bass. pp. 21–33. In: R.H. Stroud & H. Clepper (ed.) Black Bass Biology and Management, Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C.
Doan, K.H. 1940. Studies of the smallmouth bass. J. Wild. Manag. 4: 241–266.
Eason, P.K. & J.A. Stamps. 1992. The effect of visibility on territory size and shape. Behav. Ecol. 3: 166–172.
Fretwell, S.D. 1972. Populations in a seasonal environment. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 217 pp.
Fretwell, S.D. & H.L. Lucas. 1969. On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds. Acta Biotheor. 19: 16–36.
Friesen, T.G. 1990. Growth and early life history of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) under parental care. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo. 105 pp.
Gauthier, G. & J.N.M. Smith. 1987. Territorial behaviour, nestsite fidelity, and breeding density in buffleheads. J. Anim. Ecol. 56: 171–184.
Grant, J.W.A. & D.L. Kramer. 1990. Territory size as a predictor of the upper limit to population density of juvenile salmonids in streams. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 1724–1737.
Hurlbert, S.H. 1990. Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn. Oikos 58: 257–271.
Knapton, R.W. & J.R. Krebs. 1974. Settlement patterns, territory size, and breeding density in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). Can. J. Zool. 52: 1413–1420.
Krebs, C.J. 1994. Ecology: the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance, 4th ed. Harper Collins College Publishers, New York. 801 pp.
Krebs, J.R. 1971. Territory and breeding density in the great tit, Parus major L. Ecology 52: 2–22.
Manly, B.F.J. 1991. Randomization and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Chapman & Hall, New York. 281 pp.
Martin, N.V. & F.E.J. Fry. 1972. Lake Opeongo: effects of exploitation and introductions on the salmonid community. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 795–805.
Maynard Smith, J. 1974. Models in ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 146 pp.
Noakes, D.L.G. & J.W.A. Grant. 1986. Behavioural ecology and production of riverine fishes. Polsk. Arch. Hydrobiol. 33: 249–262.
Pianka, E.R. 1988. Evolutionary ecology, 4th ed. Harper & Row Publishers, New York. 397 pp.
Ridgway, M.S. 1988. Developmental stage of offspring and parental care in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui). Can. J. Zool. 66: 1722–1728.
Ridgway, M.S. & T.G. Friesen. 1992. Annual variation in parental care in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui. Env. Biol. Fish. 35: 243–255.
Ridgway, M.S., J.S. MacLean & J.C. MacLeod. 1991a. Nest-site fidelity in a centrarchid fish, the smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui). Can. J. Zool. 69: 3103–3105.
Ridgway, M.S., B.J. Shuter & E.E. Post. 1991b. The relative influence of body size and territorial behaviour on nesting asynchrony in male smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui (Pisces: Centrarchidae). J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 665–681.
Scott, R.J. 1993. The influence of parental care behaviour on space use by adult male smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Guelph, Guelph. 67 pp.
Shuter, B.J., J.A. MacLean, F.E.J. Fry & H.A. Regier. 1980. Stochastic simulation of temperature effects on first-year survival of smallmouth bass. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 109: 1–34.
Shuter, B.J., J.E. Matuszek & H.A. Regier. 1987. Optimal use of creel survey data in assessing population behaviour: Lake Opeongo lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), 1936–83. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44 (Suppl. 2): 229–238.
Silk, J. 1985. Statistical concepts in geography. George, Allen & Unwin, Boston. 267 pp.
Sokal, R.R. & F.J. Rohlf. 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco. 859 pp.
Weigmann, D.D., J.R. Baylis & M.H. Hoff. 1992. Sexual selection and fitness variation in a population of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui (Pisces: Centrarchidae). Evolution 46: 1740–1754.
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs. 718 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scott, R.J. The influence of parental care behaviour on localized nest spacing in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu . Environ Biol Fish 46, 103–107 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00001702
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00001702