Synopsis
The hypothesis that an increase in the mortality rate of Atlantic salmon would be produced by the synergistic effect of osmotic stress and of stress due to the presence of predators was tested by putting two groups of smolts (one acclimated to seawater and the other not acclimated) into a tank containing predators. These smolts were tested afterwards in a seawater-challenge test, together with smolts of the control groups for both experimental groups. The mortality rate of the non-acclimated and predator-exposed smolts was 90%, and that of the seawater acclimated and predator-exposed smolts 43%, compared to no mortality among the control groups. Lack of acclimation to seawater did not in itself induce any lethal stress, but in conjunction with predator-stress there was a synergistic effect, leading to an increase in the mortality rate. The hypothesis is therefore considered to be valid.
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Järvi, T. Synergistic effect on mortality in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolt caused by osmotic stress and presence of predators. Environ Biol Fish 26, 149–152 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00001031
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00001031