Synopsis
The literature on shark attacks in freshwaters of southern Iran is reviewed and 11 attacks with 3 fatalities recorded from local informants for the period 1953 to 1985. The species of shark responsible is probably the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, whose presence in the Tigris River is confirmed by preserved specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). The Iranian records represent a significant proportion (∼28%) of the documented cases world-wide for unprovoked, freshwater attacks.
References cited
Al-Daham, N.K. 1976. Fishes of Iraq and the Arab Gulf: Orders Squaliformes and Rajiformes. Bulletin of the Basrah Natural History Museum 3: 3–66.
Blegvad, H. & B. Loppenthin. 1944. Fishes of the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Part III. Einar Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 247 pp.
Compagno, L.J.V. 1984. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2–Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125, volume 4: 251–655.
Garrick, J.A.F. 1982. Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Report, National Marine Fisheries Service Circular 445: 1–194.
Gilbert, P.W. (ed.). 1963. Sharks and survival. D.C. Heath, Boston. 578 pp.
Günther, A. 1874. A contribution to the fauna of the River Tigris. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4(14): 36–38.
Hunt, R.S. 1951. The sharks of Ahwaz. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 97: 79–85.
Kennedy, W.P. 1937. Some additions to the fauna of Iraq. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 745–749.
Khalaf, K.T. 1961. The marine and fresh water fishes of Iraq. Ar-Rabitta Press, Baghdad. 164 pp.
Mahdi, N. 1962. Fishes of Iraq. Ministry of Education, Baghdad. 82 pp.
Sykes, P.M. 1902. Ten thousand miles in Persia; or, eight years in Iran. John Murray, London. 481 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Coadt, B.W., Papahn, F. Shark attacks in the rivers of southern Iran. Environ Biol Fish 23, 131–134 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000743
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000743