Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy of copper alternative products of natural origin against Plasmopara viticola to reduce or replace the use of copper in organic farming. The identification of new active and sustainable substances is in fact of priority importance because of the environmental impact of copper. The activity of the products was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The laboratory tests included the evaluation of the effect of products on mycelial growth, using artificially inoculated leaf disks, and on sporangial germination. The greenhouse experiments were carried out on grape seedlings cv. Malvasia di Candia treated with products and inoculated, after 24 h, with sporangial suspension of P. viticola. The results both of laboratory and greenhouse tests showed inhibitory activity performed by several botanicals (licorice leaf extract, Yucca schidigera extract), by ALD1901 product, a derivative from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, by Vacciplant formulation containing laminarin and by inorganic products as potassium hydrogen carbonate and MenoRame formulation based on micro-doses of copper and zeolites. The identification of sustainable approaches to manage grape downy mildew is very important to enhance the quality of organic production.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott WS (1925) A method for computing the effectiveness of the insecticides. J Econ Entomol 18:265–267
Aziz A, Poinssot B, Daire X, Adrian M, Bézier A, Lambert B, Joubert JM, Pugin A (2003) Laminarin elicits defense responses in grapevine and induces protection against Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 16:1118–1128
Boso S, Kassemeyer HH (2008) Different susceptibility of European grapevine cultivars for downy mildew. Vitis 47:39–49
Chalal M, Winkler JB, Gourrat K, Trouvelot S, Adrian M, Schnitzler JP, Jamois F, Daire X (2015) Sesquiterpene volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are markers of elicitation by sulfated laminarine in grapevine. Front Plant Sci 6:350
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) (2018/1981 of 13 December 2018) Renewing the approval of the active substances copper compounds, as candidates for substitution, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market, and amending the Annex to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011. OJ L 317, 14.12.2018, 16–20
Commission Regulation (EC) No 473/2002 of 15 March 2002 amending Annexes I, II and VI to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs, and laying down detailed rules as regards the transmission of information on the use of copper compounds. OJ L 75, 16.3.2002, 21–24 6, 350
Commission Regulation (EC) No 889/2008 of 5 September 2008 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products with regard to organic production, labelling and control. OJ L 250, 18.9.2008, 1–84
Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91. OJ L 189, 20.07.2007, 1–23
Dagostin S, Schärer HJ, Pertot I, Tamm L (2011) Are there alternatives to copper for controlling grapevine downy mildew in organic viticulture? Crop Prot 30:776–788
Demirci S, Ustaoğlu Z, Yılmazer GA, Sahin F, Baç N (2014) Antimicrobial properties of zeolite-X and zeolite-a ion-exchanged with silver, copper and zinc against a broad range of microorganisms. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:1652–1662
Dorsey A, Ingerman L, Swarts S (2004) Toxicological profile for copper. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Flores-Vélez LM, Ducaroir J, Jaunet AM, Robert M (1996) Study of the distribution of copper in an acid sandy vineyard soil by three different methods. Eur J Soil Sci 47:523–532
Garde-Cerdán T, Mancini V, Carrasco-Quiroz M, Servili A, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Foglia R, Pérez-Álvarez EP, Romanazzi G (2017) Chitosan and Laminarin as alternatives to copper for Plasmopara viticola control: effect on grape amino acid. J Agric Food Chem 65:7379–7386
Gorell JM, Peterson EL, Rybicki BA, Johnson CC (2004) Multiple risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 217:169–174
Gomez C, Chovelon M, Pertot I, Dagostin S (2007) Alternatives au cuivre dans la maitrise du mildiou de la vigne. Bilan projet REPCO 2004–2007, vol 27
Klein O (2011) A field study to evaluate the effects of copper on the earthworm fauna in Central Europe. Study code: 20031343/G1-NFEw. Eurofins Agroscience Services, EcoChem GmbH
Komarek M, Cadkova E, Chrastny V, Bordas F, Bollinger J-C (2010) Contamination of vineyard soils with fungicides: a review of environmental and toxicological aspects. Environ Int 36:138–151
La Torre A, Iovino V, Caradonia F (2018) Copper in plant protection: current situation and prospects. Phytopathol Mediterr 57:201–236
Lencioni V, Grazioli V, Rossaro B, Bernabò P (2016) Transcriptional profiling induced by pesticides employed in organic agriculture in a wild population of Chironomus riparius under laboratory conditions. Sci Total Environ 557:183–191
Leonardi F, Mossi G, Camani M (2002) Il rame dei vigneti. Dati - Statistiche e Società 3:55–59
Lukas K, Innerebner G, Kelderer M, Finckh MR, Hohmann P (2016) Efficacy of copper alternatives applied as stopsprays against Plasmopara viticola in grapevine. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 123:171–176
Mackie KA, Müller T, Kandeler E (2012) Remediation of copper in vineyards–a mini review. Environ Pollut 167:16–26
McBride M, Tiller K, Merry R (1981) Copper in soils and plants. Academic Press, Sydney
McKinney HH (1923) Influence of soil temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedlings by Helmintosporium sativum. J Agric Res 26:195–217
Oruc HH, Cengiz M, Beskaya A (2009) Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep following the use of copper sulfate as a fungicide on fruit trees. J Vet Diagn Investig 21:540–543
Pujos P, Martin A, Farabullini F, Pizzi M (2014) Romeo™, cerevisane-based biofungicide against the main diseases of grape and of other crops: general description. Atti Giornate Fitopatologiche 2:51–56
Rossainz-Castro LG, De la Rosa-Gomez I, Olguín MT and Alcantara-Díaz D (2016) Comparison between silver- and copper-modified zeoliterich tuffs as microbicidal agents for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. J Environ Manag 183:763–770
SANCO (2014) Review report for the basic substance Equisetum arvense L. SANCO/12386/2013-rev. 5. 20 March 2014. European Commission. Health and consumers directorate-general
Santić Z, Puvacić Z, Radović S, Puvacić S (2005) Higher mortality risk of lungs carcinoma in vineyard sprayers. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 5:65–69
Tóth G, Hermann T, Da Silva MR, Montanarella L (2016) Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety. Environ Int 88:299–309
Tröster V (2016) Achilles' heel of grapevine downy mildew - the contractile vacuole as target for potential control strategies in viticulture. In: Dissertation. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Trouvelot S, Varnier AL, Allègre M, Mercier L, Baillieul F, Arnould C, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Klarzynski O, Joubert JM, Pugin A, Daire X (2008) A beta-1,3 glucan sulfate induces resistance in grapevine against Plasmopara viticola through priming of defense responses, including HR-like cell death. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 21:232–243
Wightwick AM, Mollah MR, Partington DL, Allinson G (2008) Copper fungicide residues in Australian vineyard soils. J Agric Food Chem 56:2457–2464
Willer H and Lernoud J (eds.) (2018) The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends 2018. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM, Frick, Switzerland and Bonn, pp 114–115
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Kelderer and Dr. Casera of Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry of BZ Province - Italy and Dr. Mescalchin of S. Michele all’Adige (TN) – Italy for kindly providing infected grapevine leaves.
Funding
This research was carried out under “Strategies and possible alternatives to reduce copper use in organic farming - ALT.RAMEinBIO” project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, PQAI 1 “Organic Farming and National Food Quality Systems and General Affairs” Office.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participant or animal performed by any of authors.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
La Torre, A., Righi, L., Iovino, V. et al. Evaluation of copper alternative products to control grape downy mildew in organic farming. J Plant Pathol 101, 1005–1012 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00330-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00330-6