Sentiment and Uncertainty Fluctuations and Their Effects on the Euro Area Business Cycle
- 53 Downloads
Abstract
This is paper considers the role of economic sentiment and economic uncertainty in explaining economic adjustment in the Euro area during the Financial Crisis and Great Recession. The analysis is based on VAR models of economic activity, sentiment and uncertainty in four sectors—industry, retail, services and construction. Evidence is found that sentiment and uncertainty have non-negligible effects on economic activity. Finally also some additional evidence is provided by studying the two largest Euro area countries: Germany and France.
Keywords
Sentiment Uncertainty Ambiguity Business cycle Euro areaJEL Classification
C32 C83 D84 E23Notes
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their pertinent suggestions on several issues. Seminar participants at the 2016 Research on Money in the Economy (ROME) conference, Duesseldorf University, the 2017 EEFS Workshop Financial Econometrics at Bochum University and the 2017 ERMEES Macroeconomics Workshop at the University of Strasbourg also provided valuable feedback.
References
- Akerlof, R., & Shiller, R. (2009). Animal spirits. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
- Alchian, A. (1950). Uncertainty, evolution and economic theory. Journal of Political Economy, 58, 211–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Angeletos, G., & La’O, J. (2013). Sentiments. Econometrica, 81(2), 739–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bachmann, R., Elstner, S., & Sims, E. (2013). Uncertainty and economic activity: Evidence from business survey data. American Economic Journal Macroeconomics, 5(2), 217–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Baker, S., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593–1636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bansal, R., Kiku, D., & Yaron, A. (2010). Long Run risks, the macroeconomy, and asset prices. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 100, 542–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bansal, R., & Yaron, A. (2004). Risks for the long run: A potential resolution of asset pricing puzzles. Journal of Finance, 59(4), 1481–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Beaudry, P., & Portier, F. (2006). Stock prices, news, and economic fluctuations, stock prices, news, and economic fluctuations. American Economic Review, 96(4), 1293–1307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Benhabib, R., & Farmer, R. (1999). Indeterminacy and sunspots in macroeconomics. Handbook of Macroeconomics, 1(1), 387–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Blanchard, O. (1993). Consumption and the Recession of 1990–1991. American Economic Review, 83(2), 270–274.Google Scholar
- Bloom, N. (2009). The impact of uncertainty shocks. Econometrica, 77(3), 623–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bofinger, P., Debes, S., Gareis, J., & Mayer, E. (2013). Monetary policy transmission in a model with animal spirits and house price booms and busts. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 37(12), 2862–2881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bonciani, D., & van Roye, B. (2015). Uncertainty shocks, banking frictions and economic activity. ECB Working Paper Series, no. 1825.Google Scholar
- Barsky, R., & Sims, E. (2011). News shocks and business cycles. Journal of Monetary Economics, 58(3), 273–289Google Scholar
- Caballero, R., Farhi, E., & Hammour, M. (2016). Speculative growth: Hints from the U.S. economy. American Economic Review, 96(4), 1159–1192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chang, S. (2014). Herd behavior, bubbles and social interactions in financial markets. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics, 18(1), 89–101.Google Scholar
- Choi, S., & Loungani, P. (2015). Uncertainty and unemployment: The effects of aggregate and sectoral channels. Journal of Macroeconomics, 46, 344–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- De Grauwe, P. (2011). Animal spirits and monetary policy. Economic Theory, 47, 423–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dees, S., & Soares Brinca, P. (2013). Consumer confidence as a predictor of consumption spending: Evidence for the United States and the Euroarea. International Economics, 134, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dequech, D. (1999). Expectations and Confidence under uncertainty. Journal of Postkeynesian Economics, 21(3), 415–430.Google Scholar
- Dequech, D. (2011). Uncertainty: A typology and refinements of existing concepts. Journal of Economic Issues, 45(3), 621–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Diebold, F., & Mariano, R. (1995). Comparing predictive accuracy. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 13, 253–263.Google Scholar
- Ellsberg, D. (1961). Risk, ambiguity, and the savage axioms. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 75(4), 643–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Engle, R., Jondeau, E., & Rockinger, M. (2015). Systemic risk in Europe. Review of Finance, 19, 145–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- European Central Bank (2013). How has macroeconomic uncertainty in the Euro area evolved recently? Monthly Bulletin, 2013, 44–48.Google Scholar
- Faigelbaum, P., Schaal, E., & Taschereau-Dumouchel, M. (2014). Uncertainty traps. NBER Working Paper No. 19973. URL:http://www.nber.org/papers/w19973.
- Fuhrer, J. (1993). What role does consumer sentiment play in the US economy? New England Economic Review, 1993, 32–44.Google Scholar
- Gayer, C. (2006). Forecast evaluation of European Commission survey indicators. Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis, 2005(2), 157–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Golinelli, R., & Parigi, G. (2004). Consumer sentiment and economic activity: A cross country comparison. Journal of Business Cycle Measurement and Analysis, 2004(2), 147–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Haddow, A., & Hare, C. (2013). Macroeconomic uncertainty: What is it, how can we measure it and why does it matter? Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, 2013(Q2), 100–109.Google Scholar
- Jang, T., & Sacht, S. (2016). Animal Spirits and the business cycle: Empirical evidence from moment matching. Metroeconomica, 67(1), 76–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Keynes, J. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest and money. London: MacMillan and Co.Google Scholar
- Knight, F. (1921). Risk, uncertainty, and profit. Boston, MA: Schaffner and Marx, Houghton Mifflin Company.Google Scholar
- Lempert, R., Groves, D., Popper, S., & Bankes, S. (2006). A general analytic method for generating robust strategies and narrative scenarios. Management Science, 52(4), 514–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ludvigson, S. (2004). Consumer confidence and consumer spending. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(2), 29–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Milani, F. (2014). Sentiment and the U.S. business cycle. Working Papers 141504. University of California-Irvine, Department of Economics.Google Scholar
- Minsky, H. (1982). Can it happen again? Essays on instability and finance. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.Google Scholar
- Serven, L. (1998). macroeconomic uncertainty and private investment in developing countries an empirical investigation. Worldbank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2035.Google Scholar
- Shiller, R. (1989). Market volatility. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
- Soric, P., Lolic, I., & Cizmesija, M. (2016). European economic sentiment indicator: An empirical reappraisal. Quality and Quantity, 50(5), 2025–2054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stasavage, D. (2002). Private investment and political institutions. Economics and Politics, 14(1), 41–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Taleb, N. (2007). The black swan: The impact of the highly improbable. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
- Thomakos, D., & Papailias, F. (2014). Out of sync: The breakdown of economic sentiment cycles in the EU. Review of International Economics, 22(1), 131–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Villaverde, J., Guerrn-Quintana, P., Kuester, K., & Rubio-Ramrez, J. (2015). Fiscal volatility shocks and economic activity. American Economic Review, 105(11), 3352–3384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar