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Spatial Analysis of Mortality by Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult Population: A Study for Brazilian Micro-Regions Between 1996 and 2015

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most serious health issues and the leading cause of death worldwide in both developed and developing countries, including Brazil. However, CVD mortality rates are not uniformly distributed across the country. Brazil is marked by important regional differences resulting from socioeconomic inequality and limited access to health services. Mortality varies in a number of dimensions including age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, educational level and geography/space. Geographic inequalities in mortality in Brazil appear to be greater than other countries in Latin America. Given the spatial distribution of causes and heterogeneity of deaths from cardiovascular disease in Brazil, both at macro and micro levels, the goal of this paper is to evaluate the spatial patterns of deaths from CVD in the adult population (over 30 years of age), by sex, in Brazilian micro-regions from 1996 to 2015. Our main contribution was to study an important cause of death in small areas (micro-regions), taking into consideration space, as a proxy of socioeconomic conditions, access to health care and social norms that might affect CVD, as an important variable to understand changes in the CVD mortality.

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Notes

  1. Tobler’s First Law of Geography (1970) states that: “Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things”.

  2. In 2010 there were 5565 municipalities in Brazil.

  3. IBGE. http://www.ibge.gov.br.

  4. For more details about the methods SEG, GGB and SEG-adj view: Bennett and Horiuchi 1981; Hill 1987; Timaeus 1991; Hill et al. 2009; Lima et al. 2014; Lima and Queiroz 2014.

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Financial support from CNPq, Project “Estimating Mortality by causes in small areas in Brazil” - 421183/2018-7.

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Baptista, E.A., Queiroz, B.L. Spatial Analysis of Mortality by Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult Population: A Study for Brazilian Micro-Regions Between 1996 and 2015. Spat Demogr 7, 83–101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40980-019-00050-6

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