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Trends in Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Patients Living with HIV in Texas, 1996 to 2013

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Abstract

National studies show that Blacks with HIV have higher mortality rates compared to Whites. This study aimed to identify trends in Black racial disparities among Texas residents living with HIV. Using HIV surveillance data from the Texas Department of State Health Services, a cohort of HIV-diagnosed patients (N = 70,996) were identified and grouped according to year of diagnosis, 1996–1997 (T1), 1998–2006 (T2), 2007–2010 (T3), and 2011–2013 (T4). Survival analysis was used to examine racial differences in death rate (analysis 1) and clinical progression to AIDS (analysis 2) for each subcohort, using Blacks as the reference group. In analysis 1, Whites (hazard ratio, HR = 0.80, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.74–0.87, p < 0.001; HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.78–0.87, p < 0.001; respectively) and Hispanics (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.66–0.79, p < 0.001; HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.74–0.81, p < 0.001, respectively) had lower death rates in T1 and T2. This remained significant after adjusting for covariates. In T3, death rate was higher for Hispanics after adjustment (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.00–1.28, p < 0.05). In T4, death rate was higher for Whites (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.30–2.13, p < 0.001) and Hispanics (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.34–2.06, p < 0.001). These relationships became non-significant after adjusting for covariates. In analysis 2, the rate of clinical progression to AIDS was higher for Hispanics in all subcohorts. The significance remained after adjusting for covariates. The rate of clinical progression to AIDS was lower for Whites after adjustments in T2 and T3. Additional studies are needed to understand factors that may explain this unexpected finding of improved survival for Blacks over time. Such studies may inform decision-making in HIV care to reduce Black HIV disparities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, the University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA

    Sabina O. Nduaguba, Kentya H. Ford, James P. Wilson & Kenneth A. Lawson

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  1. Sabina O. Nduaguba
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Nduaguba, S.O., Ford, K.H., Wilson, J.P. et al. Trends in Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Patients Living with HIV in Texas, 1996 to 2013. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 5, 1023–1032 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0450-1

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