Non-IgE-Mediated Rhinitis
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Abstract
Patients with chronic rhinitis symptoms frequently present in physicians’ offices. The best-studied form of chronic rhinitis is IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis; however, the prevalence of non-allergic, non-IgE-mediated rhinitis among the chronic rhinitis population is high, and the disorder is an important cause of widespread morbidity. Despite this fact, almost no diagnostic tests or adjusted treatment schedules are established for this patient group. Chronic non-IgE-mediated rhinitis covers an extensive range of different diagnoses and comprises drug-induced, hormonal, occupational, gustatory, senile, and idiopathic rhinitis. The etiology as well as pathophysiology is only defined for some of these forms. This review summarizes the causes of non-IgE-mediated rhinitis as well as the available options for diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies. It aims at providing a tool for a more individual approach of non-allergic rhinitis patients in order to obtain an improvement of their quality of life.
Keywords
Idiopathic rhinitis Non-allergic rhinitis Capsaicin Provocation testsAbbreviations
- ARM
Acoustic rhinometry
- CDA
Cold dry air
- CF
Cystic fibrosis
- CGRP
Calcitonin gene-related peptide
- CSS
Churg–Strauss syndrome
- eNO
Exhaled nitric oxide
- GPA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; previously Wegener’granulomatosis
- HMW
High molecular weight
- IB
Ipratropium bromide
- IR
Idiopathic rhinitis
- LAR
Local allergic rhinitis
- LMW
Low molecular weight
- NANC
Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic
- NAR
Non-allergic rhinitis
- NHR
Nasal hyperreactivity
- nNO
Nasal nitric oxide
- PCD
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
- PNIF
Peak nasal inspiratory flow
- RMM
Rhinomanometry
- RUDS
Reactive upper airway dysfunction syndrome
- SP
Substance P
- SPT
Skin prick tests
- TRPA
Transient receptor potential channel subfamily A
- TRPV
Transient receptor potential channel subfamily V
Notes
References
Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance
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