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Biodiversität und Immuntoleranz in der Allergologie

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Unser Immunsystem ist in der Lage, eine Vielzahl von Substanzen und Organismen aus der Umwelt zu detektieren und in unterschiedlichster Weise darauf zu reagieren. Dies umfasst einerseits Abwehrreaktionen gegen Pathogene und andererseits Immuntoleranz in Form von immunregulatorischen Reaktionen, die zur Terminierung von Immunantworten oder zum Tolerieren harmloser und körpereigener Substanzen führen. Dabei ist die Ausbildung von Immuntoleranz ein aktiver Prozess, der entscheidend durch die Interaktion mit Mikrobiota und Umweltbestandteilen geprägt und vornehmlich über regulatorische T-Zellen vermittelt wird.

Methoden

Diese Arbeit ist ein Überblick ausgewählter, wissenschaftlicher Artikel und wurde mit Recherchen in Pubmed, Fachdatenbanken und Leitlinien erstellt.

Ergebnisse

Entsprechend der Diversitätshypothese wird heute eine Exposition im frühen Kindesalter gegenüber einer breiten Biodiversität als risikomindernd für die Entwicklung allergischer Erkrankungen betrachtet.

Schlussfolgerung

Daraus leitet sich für die Allergologie als potenzielles Konzept die Induktion von Toleranz nicht nur als präventive, sondern auch als therapeutische Maßnahme bei Erkrankungen des atopischen Formenkreises ab.

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Abbreviations

DZ:

Dendritische Zellen

IgE:

Immunglobulin E

IL:

Interleukin

iTreg:

„Induzierte“ regulatorische T-Zellen

MHC:

Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex

nTreg:

„Natürliche“ regulatorische T-Zellen

SCORAD:

Score of Atopic Dermatitis

Th-Zellen:

T-Helferzellen-Subtypen

Treg:

Regulatorische T-Zellen

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    Susanne Kaesler, Yuliya Skabytska, Thomas Volz &  Tilo Biedermann

Authors
  1. Susanne Kaesler
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  2. Yuliya Skabytska
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  3. Thomas Volz
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  4. Tilo Biedermann
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tilo Biedermann.

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Interessenkonflikt

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Zitierweise

Kaesler S, Skabytska Y, Volz T, Biedermann T. The biodiversity hypothesis and immunotolerance in allergy. Allergo J Int 2018;27:140–6

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-018-0072-0

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Kaesler, S., Skabytska, Y., Volz, T. et al. Biodiversität und Immuntoleranz in der Allergologie. Allergo J 27, 28–35 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-018-1654-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-018-1654-3

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