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Synthesis and properties of a phosphate ester as curing agent in an epoxy resin system

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Abstract

Phosphate ester compounds display good flame retardancy effect in epoxy resin systems. In this paper, several novel phosphate esters, used as curing agents for epoxy resins, were synthesized based on P2O5, phosphoric acid, and different types of alcohol. The structures of phosphate esters were characterized by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). Then, a series of flame retardant epoxy composites were prepared by curing the epoxy resins (E-44) with the phosphate esters. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behaviors of flame retardant epoxy composites were investigated by cone calorimeter test (CCT) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results of CCT indicated that phosphate esters can significantly decrease heat release rate, total heat release (THR), and smoke production rate. The sample cured by butyl phosphate ester from phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid and butanol showed the best flame retardant performance among all samples. The TGA results showed that phosphate esters could enhance char residues of flame retardant epoxy composites when compared with those of a composite using T31 as a curing agent at high temperature. It may be concluded that good flame retardant properties of flame retardant epoxy composites are related to the formation of a protective phosphorus-rich char layer. These phosphate esters have a good future on flame retardant epoxy composites.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51206084) and the Outstanding Young Scientist Research Award Fund from Shandong Province (BS2011CL018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Chuanmei Jiao, Juan Dong, Chongjie Zhang, Jinlong Zhuo & Xilei Chen

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  1. Chuanmei Jiao
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  2. Juan Dong
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Correspondence to Xilei Chen.

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Jiao, C., Dong, J., Zhang, C. et al. Synthesis and properties of a phosphate ester as curing agent in an epoxy resin system. Iran Polym J 23, 591–598 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-014-0253-8

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