Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Agrobiodiversity for food security, health and income

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Agronomy for Sustainable Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

By the year 2050, agriculture will have to provide the food and nutrition requirements of some 9 billion people. Moreover, to maintain that level of productivity indefinitely it must do so using environmentally sustainable production systems. This task will be profoundly complicated by the effects of climate change, increasing competition for water resources and loss of productive lands. Agricultural production methods will also need to recognize and accommodate ongoing rural to urban migration and address a host of economic, ecological and social concerns about the ‘high inputs/high outputs’ model of present-day industrial agriculture. At the same time, there is a need to confront the unacceptable levels of continuing food and nutrition insecurity, greatest in the emerging economy countries of Africa and Asia where poverty, rapid population growth and climate change present additional challenges and where agriculture is practiced primarily by small-scale farmers. Within this context, we here review science-based evidence arguing that diversification with greater use of highly valuable but presently under-valorised crops and species should be an essential element of any model for sustainable smallholder agriculture. The major points of these development opportunity crops are presented in four sections: agricultural farming systems, health and nutrition, environmental sustainability and prosperity of the populations. For each section, these crops and their associated indigenous knowledge are reported to bring benefits and services when integrated with food systems. In this paper, we conclude that not only a change in policy is needed to influence behaviours and practices but also strong leadership able to synergize the various initiatives and implement an action plan.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://www.syngentafoundation.org/index.cfm?pageID=712

  2. Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (http://www.ruforum.org/)

  3. www.agrobiodiversityplatform.org. PAR’s goal is: “to enhance the sustainable management and use of agrobiodiversity by improving knowledge of all its different aspects. It seeks to promote research and integrate, mobilize and share research findings on the sustainable management of agrobiodiversity”

  4. This is an initiative by FARA, launched on 20 July 2010. ABIA supports efforts of SROs, NARS and Partners in R&D on agricultural biodiversity in Africa; it will build partnerships for action, seek resources and commission research; it will engage in advocacy for right policies and for R&D in agricultural biodiversity

  5. A global partnership programme supported by GFAR: http://ntfp.inbar.int/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

  6. www.agrobiodiversity-diversitas.org. The agrobiodiversity cross-cutting network of DIVERSITAS (www.diversitas-international.org) aims to inspire and facilitate interdisciplinary research for understanding the role of biological diversity in agricultural landscapes. The activities span the continuum from basic to applied research across eight benchmark sites worldwide and include adaptive land management in collaboration with local stakeholders

  7. http://bit.ly/QBvmuI

  8. http://www.egfar.org/content/itpgrfa-gfar-collaboration

  9. http://www.planttreaty.org/sites/default/files/Cordoba%20NUS%20Declaration%202012%20FINAL.pdf

References

  • ACC/SCN (1997) 3rd Report on the World Nutrition Situation. United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Sub-Committee on Nutrition, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Adebooye OC, Ajayi SA, Baidu-Forson JJ, Opabode JT (2005) Seed constraint to cultivation and productivity of African indigenous leaf vegetables. Afr J Biotechnol 4(13):1480–1484

    Google Scholar 

  • Adoukonou-Sagbadja H, Dansi A, Vodouhè R, Akpagana K (2006) Indigenous knowledge and traditional conservation of fonio millet (Digitaria exilis, Digitaria iburua) in Togo. Biodiversity and Conservation 15(8):2379–2395

    Google Scholar 

  • Akroyd WR, Doughty J (1982) Legumes in human nutrition. FAO, Rome, (revised by Joyce Doughty and Ann Walker). FAO Food and Nutrition Paper No 20

    Google Scholar 

  • Akubugwo IE, Obasi NA, Chinyere GC, Ugbogu AE (2007) Nutritional and chemical value of Amaranthus hybridus L. leaves from Afikpo, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(24):2833–2839

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aletor VA, Oshodi AA, Ipinmoroti K (2002) Chemical composition of common leafy vegetables and functional properties of their leaf protein concentrates. Food Chemistry 78(1):63–68. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00374

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altieri MA (2002) Agroecology: the science of natural resource management for poor farmers in marginal environments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 93:1–24. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00085-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Altieri MA (2004) Linking ecologists and traditional farmers in the search for sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0035:LEATFI]2.0.CO;2

    Google Scholar 

  • APAARI (2010) The Suwon Agrobiodiversity Framework. The way forward for managing agrobiodiversity for sustainable agriculture in the Asia-Pacific region. Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, 13–15 October 2010. Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutes, Korea

    Google Scholar 

  • Azam-Ali SN (2003) Multicropping. Encyclopedia of applied plant science. Elsevier Ltd, London, pp 978–984

    Google Scholar 

  • Azam-Ali SN, Squire GR (2002) Principles of tropical agronomy. CAB International, Wallingford, p 236

    Google Scholar 

  • Bala Ravi S, Hrideek TK, Kishore Kumar AT, Prabhakaran AT, Mal B, Padulosi S (2010) Mobilizing neglected and underutilized crops to strengthen food security and alleviate poverty in India. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 23(1):110–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgärtner S, Quaas MF (2010) Managing increasing environmental risks through agrobiodiversity and agrienvironmental policies. Agricultural Economics 41(5):483–496. doi:10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00460.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaglehole R, Yach D (2003) Globalisation and the prevention and control of non-communicable disease: the neglected chronic diseases of adults. The Lancet 362:903–908

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhag M (1994) Underutilized grain legumes and pseudocereals: their potentials in Asia. FAO, Bangkok, RAPA Publication 1994/14

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharucha Z, Pretty J (2010) The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, series B 365:2913–2926. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0123

    Google Scholar 

  • Bioversity International (2011) Nutrition strategy 2011–2012. Resilient food and nutrition systems: analyzing the role of agricultural biodiversity in enhancing human nutrition and health. Bioversity International, Maccarese

    Google Scholar 

  • Block G, Patterson B, Subar A (1992) Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutrition and Cancer 18(1):1–29. doi:10.1080/01635589209514201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgeois R (2006) Secondary crops, rural poverty and policy bias. In: Bourgeois R, Svensson L, Burrows ML (eds) Farming a way out of poverty—forgotten crops and marginal populations in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the regional workshop on “Rural prosperity and secondary crops: Towards applied pro-poor research and policies in Asia and the Pacific”, Bogor, Indonesia, 6–9 December 2005. CAPSA Monograph No 48, pp. 3–14

  • Brondizio ES (2004) From staple to fashion food: shifting cycles and shifting opportunities in the development of the acai fruit palm economy in the Amazonian estuary. In: Zarin DJ, Alavalapati JRR, Putz FE, Schmink M (eds) Working forest in the neotropics. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 339–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Brondizio ES, Safar CAM, Siqueira AD (2002) The urban market of açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and rural land use change: ethnographic insights into the role of price and land tenure constraining agricultural choices in the Amazon estuary. Urban Ecosystems 6(1–2):67–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush S, Meng E (1996) Farmers’ valuation and conservation of crop genetic resources. Paper prepared for the Symposium on the economics of valuation and conservation of genetic resources for agriculture, 13–15 May 1996, Centre for International Studies on Economic Growth, Tor Vergata University, Rome

  • Buckingham KC, Lou YP, Hoogendoorn J (2009) How can bamboo certification contribute to sustainable bamboo management. In: Buckingham KC, Henley G, Lou YP (eds) Certification of commodities: opportunities and challenges for the rural poor. Proceedings of the ICB-CFC International Certification Workshop, April 2009, Beijing pp 74–88

  • Burlingham B, Dernini S (eds) (2012) Sustainable diets and biodiversity: directions and solutions for policy, research and action. Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium Biodiversity and sustainable Diets United against Hunger, 3–5 November 2010, FAO, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3004e/i3004e.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2013

  • Chadha ML (2010) Short-duration mungbean. A new success in South Asia. Association of Asia Pacific Agricultural Research Institutions, Bangkok

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadha ML, Hasan Mndiga H (2007) African eggplant—from underutilized to a commercially profitable venture. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 752:521–523

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadha ML, Guo G, Gowda CLL (2007) Proceedings of the first international conference on indigenous vegetables and legumes—prospects for fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 752 623 p

  • Chishakwe NE (2008) An overview of the international regulatory frameworks that influence the conservation and use of underutilized plant species. Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Rome, Italy, and The Genetic Resources Policy Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya, 31 p. http://www.underutilized-species.org/Documents/PUBLICATIONS/international_policy_analysis.pdf. Accessed 15 Feb 2013

  • Cleveland D, Soleri D, Smith SE (1994) Do folk crop varieties have a role in sustainable agriculture? Bioscience 44(11):740–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Clough Y, Barkmann J, Juhrbandt J et al (2011) Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(20):8311–8316. doi:10.1073/pnas.1016799108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Condori B, Hijmans RJ, Quiroz R, Ledent FJ (2010) Quantifying the expression of potato genetic diversity in the high Andes: growth analysis and modelling. Field Crops Research 119:135–144. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2010.07.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Das M, Das R (2012) Need of education and awareness towards zinc supplementation: a review. International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 4(3):45–50. doi:10.5897/ijnam11.043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson IK, Guarino L, Jaenicke H (2007) Underutilised plant species: impacts of promotion on biodiversity. Position Paper No 2. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Colombo

    Google Scholar 

  • De Bon H, Parrot L, Moustier P (2009) Sustainable urban agriculture in developing countries: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture 6:619–633. doi:10.1051/agro:2008062

    Google Scholar 

  • De Foresta H, Michon G, Kusworo A, Levang P (2004) Damar agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia: domestication of a forest ecosystem through domestication of dipterocarps for resin production. In: Kuster K, Belcher B (eds) Forest products, livelihoods and conservation: case studies of non-timber forest product systems, volume 1—Asia. CIFOR, Bogor

    Google Scholar 

  • De Pee S, West CE (1996) Dietary carotenoids and their role in combating vitamin A deficiency: a review of the literature. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50(3):38–53

    Google Scholar 

  • De Schutter O (2010) Agroecology and the right to food. Report presented to the Human Rights Council of the United Nations, 16th Session (UN Doc. A/HRC/16/49) http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G10/178/49/PDF/G1017849.pdf?OpenElement

  • Desjardins Y (2007) First international symposium on human health effects of fruits and vegetables. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 744 470 p

  • Di Falco S, Chavas JP (2008) Rainfall shocks, resilience, and the effects of crop biodiversity on agroecosystem productivity. Land Economics 84(1):83–96. doi:10.3368/le.84.1.83

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Falco S, Perrings C (2005) Crop biodiversity, risk management and the implications of agricultural assistance. Ecological Economics 55(4):459–466. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.12.005

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald CM (1968) The breeding of crop ideotypes. Euphytica 17:385–403. doi:10.1007/BF00056241

    Google Scholar 

  • Drewnowski A, Popkin BM (1997) The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet. Nutrition Review 55(2):31–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekpa OD (1996) Nutrient composition of three Nigerian medicinal plants. Food Chemistry 57(2):229–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engel S, Pagiola S, Wunder S (2008) Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: an overview of the issues. Ecological Economics 65(4):663–674. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.03.011

    Google Scholar 

  • Englberger L, Lorens A (2009) Let’s go local initiative in Pohnpei, Micronesia for promoting underutilized crops. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 806:229–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Englberger L, Schierle J, Aalbersberg W et al (2006) Carotenoid and vitamin content of Karat and other Micronesian banana cultivars. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 57:399–418. doi:10.1080/09637480600872010

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Englberger L, Schierle J, Kraemer K et al (2008) Carotenoid and mineral content of Micronesian giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma) cultivars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 21:93–106. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2007.09.007

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Englberger L, Lorens A, Levendusky A et al (2009) Documentation of the indigenous food system of Pohnpei. In: Kuhnlein H, Erasmus B, Spigelski D (eds) Indigenous peoples' food systems. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2001) The spectrum of malnutrition. Fact sheet, July 2001, FAO, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsummit/english/fsheets/malnutrition.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • FAO (2010a) The State of the Food Insecurity in the World. Addressing food insecurity in protracted crises. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1683e/i1683e.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • FAO (2010b) The Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1500e/i1500e00.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • FAO (2011a) Food, agriculture and cities. Challenges of food and nutrition security, agriculture and ecosystem management in a urbanizing world. Food for the Cities multidisciplinary initiative position paper, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/FCIT/PDF/FoodAgriCities_Oct2011.pdf. Accessed 23 May 2012

  • FAO (2011b) Food, agriculture and cities. Save and grow: a new paradigm of agriculture. A policymaker’s guide to the sustainable intensification of smallholder crop production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/ag/save-and-grow/. Accessed 13 Jun 2012

  • FAO/PAR (2010) Biodiversity for food and agriculture: contributing to food security and sustainability in a changing world. FAO and the Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, p 66

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyman MV, Afolayan AJ (2006) The suitability of wild vegetables for alleviating human dietary deficiencies. South African Journal of Botany 72(4):492–497. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2006.02.003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frison EA, Cherfas J, Hodgkin T (2011) Agricultural biodiversity is essential for a sustainable improvement in food and nutrition security. Sustainability 3:238–253. doi:10.3390/su3010238

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson RS, Bailey KB, Gibbs M, Ferguson EL (2010) A review of phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium concentrations in plant-based complementary foods used in low-income countries and implications for bioavailability. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 31(2 Suppl):134–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Giuliani A (2007) Developing markets for agrobiodiversity: securing livelihoods in dryland areas. Earthscan Research Editions, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan C (1996) Current food and nutrition situation in south Asian and south-east Asian countries. Biomedical and Environmental Science 9(2–3):102–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graefe S, Dufour D, van Zonneveld M, Rodriguez F, Gonzalez A (2012) Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in tropical Latin America: implications for biodiversity conservation, natural resource management and human nutrition. Biodiversity and Conservation. doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0402-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Grivetti LE, Ogle BM (2000) Value of traditional foods in meeting macro- and micronutrient needs: the wild plant connection. Nutrition Research Reviews 13(1):31–46. doi:10.1079/095442200108728990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guarino L, Lobell DB (2011) A walk on the wild side. Nature Climate Change 1: 374–375. http://issuu.com/croptrust/docs/nclimate1272_2_/1. Accessed 15 Jun 2012. doi:10.1038/nclimate1272

  • Gupta S, Lakshmi AJ, Manjunath MN, Prakash J (2005) Analysis of nutrient and antinutrient content of underutilized green leafy vegetables. LWT–Food Science and Technology. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2004.06.012

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer K (1998) Agrarbiodiversität und pflanzengenetische Ressourcen. Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen, Band 10, ZADI, Bonn, Germany, 98 p http://www.genres.de/fileadmin/SITE_GENRES/downloads/schriftenreihe/Band10_Gesamt.pdf. Accessed 14 Nov 2011

  • Harlan J (1975) Crops and man. American Society for Agricultural Sciences, Madison

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey M (2006) Cultivating resilience: recovery of homestead gardens in Sri Lanka after the 2004 Tsunami. Coventry University and HDRA, Coventry

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatløy A, Hallund J, Diarra MM, Oshaug A (2000) Relationship between food variety scores, socio-economic status and nutritional status. A case study from Mali. Public Health and Nutrition 3(1):57–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellin J, Higman S (2005) Crop diversity and livelihood security in the Andes. Development in Practice 15:165–174. doi:10.1080/09614520500041344

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermann M (2009) The impact of the European Novel Food Regulation on trade and food innovation based on traditional plant foods from developing countries. Food Policy 34:499–507. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.08.005

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermann M, Bernet T (2009) The transition of maca from neglect to market prominence. Lessons for improving use strategies and market chains of minor crops. Bioversity International, Rome, Agricultural Biodiversity and Livelihoods, Discussion Papers 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermann M, Quynh NK, Peters D (1999) Reappraisal of edible canna as a high-value starch crop in Vietnam. In: Impact on a changing world, Program Report 1997–1998, The International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru, pp 415–424

  • Herren H, Löhr B (2001) The international center of insect physiology and ecology. Pesticide Outlook. doi:10.1039/b108608c

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoddinott J, Yohannes Y (2002) Dietary diversity as a household food security indicator. IFPRI, Washington, DC, Food Consumption and Nutrition Division, Discussion Paper No 136

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollington PA, Andersen P, Bajracharya J, Gautam R, Joshi KD, Khanal A, Kumar N, Mueller RAE, Neog SB, Yadavendra JP (2010) Food security through ricebean research in India and Nepal (FOSRIN). Final Technical Report, Bangor, UK: Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD) 154 p. http://www.ricebean.org/deliverables/032055%20FOSRIN%20final%20report.pdf. Accessed 14 Nov 2011

  • Holt-Gimenez E, Altieri MA, Rosset P (2006) Food First Policy Brief No12: Ten reasons why the Rockefeller and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundations’ alliance for Another Green Revolution will not solve the problem of poverty and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa. http://www.foodfirst.org/en/node/1527. Accessed 13 Jun 2012

  • Hongo T, Suzuki T, Ohtsuka R, Kawabe T, Inaoka T, Akimichi T (1989) Element intake of the Gidra in lowland Papua: inter-village variation and the comparison with contemporary levels in developed countries. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 23(4):293–309. doi:10.1080/03670244.1989.9991112

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes J (2009) Just famine foods? What contributions can underutilized plants make to food security? Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 806:39–47

    Google Scholar 

  • IAASTD (2008) International assessment of agricultural knowledge, science and technology for development. Global Report. http://ww.agassessment.org. Accessed 6 Aug 2011

  • IAEA (2004) Genetic improvement of under-utilized and neglected crops in low income food deficit countries through irradiation and related techniques. Proceedings of a final Research Coordination Meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Pretoria, South Africa, 19–23 May 2003. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria, p. 219

  • Jackson LE, Pascual U, Hodgkin T (2007) Utilizing and conserving agrobiodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 121(3):196–210. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.017

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson L, van Noordwijk M, Bengtsson J, Foster W, Lipper L, Pulleman M, Said M, Snaddon J, Vodouhe R (2010) Biodiversity and agricultural sustainagility: from assessment to adaptive management. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2:80–87. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2010.02.007

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaenicke H (2009) Nutzung vernachlässigter Pflanzenarten und ihres genetischen Potentials zur Verbesserung der Welternährungslage–Status und Aussichten eines nachhaltigen Beitrags deutscher Wissenschaftseinrichtungen. Gutachten an den Deutschen Bundestag vorgelegt dem Büro für Technikfolgen Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)

  • Jaenicke H (2010) Optimising the CGIAR’s contribution to global efforts on the conservation and sustainable use of underutilized plant genetic resources—some thoughts about strategic priorities. Report prepared for the Global Public Goods Programme Phase 2 of the System-wide Genetic Resources Programme

  • Jaenicke H, Höschle-Zeledon I (eds) (2006) Strategic framework for research and development of underutilised plant species with special reference to Asia, the Pacific and Sub-Saharan Africa. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Colombo, 33 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis DI, Hodgkin T, Sthapit BR, FaddaC L-NI (2011) An heuristic framework for identifying multiple ways of supporting the conservation and use of traditional crop varieties within the agricultural production system. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 30:125–176. doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.554358

    Google Scholar 

  • Jat ML, Gupta K, Erenstein O, Ortiz R (2006) Diversifying the intensive cereal cropping systems of the Indo-Ganges through horticulture. Chronica Horticulturae 46(3):27–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang J, Xie C, Li Z, Nagarajan S, Schauss AG, Wu T, Wu X (2011) Flavonoids from acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chemistry 128(1):152–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keatinge JDH, Ledesma D, Hughes D’A J, de la Peña R (2009) A strategic look to the future for vegetable research: The World Vegetable Centre and its partners, pp 113–118. In: Iiyama K (ed) global climate change: imperatives for agricultural research in Asia-Pacific, JIRCAS, Tsukuba City, Japan

  • Keatinge JDH, Waliyar F, Jamnadass RH, Moustafa A, Andrade M, Drechsel P, Hughes D’A J, Palchamy K, Luther K (2010) Re-learning old lessons for the future of food: by bread alone no longer diversifying diets with fruit and vegetables. Crop Science 50:51–62. doi:10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0528

    Google Scholar 

  • Keatinge JDH, Yang R-Y, Hughes D’A J, Easdown WJ, Holmer R (2011) The importance of vegetables in ensuring both food and nutritional security in attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. Food Security 3:491–501. doi:10.1007/s12571-011-0150-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Keding GB (2010) Linking nutrition security and agrobiodiversity: the importance of traditional vegetables for nutritional health of women in rural Tanzania. PhD Thesis, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen. University of Göttingen, Cuvillier Verlag, Germany

  • Khan ZR, Pickett JA (2004) The 'push–pull' strategy for stem borer management: a case study in exploiting biodiversity and chemical ecology. In: Gurr GM, Wratten SD, Altieri MA (eds) Ecological engineering for pest management: advances in habitat manipulation for arthropods. CSIRO Publishing, Australia, pp 155–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanal AR, Khadka K, Poudel I, Joshi KD, Hollington PA (2007) Food security through ricebean research in India and Nepal (FOSRIN). Report 3. Farmers’ local knowledge associated with the production, utilization and diversity of ricebean (Vigna umbellata) in Nepal, Pokhara, Nepal. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LIBIRD), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, and Bangor, Wales, UK, CAZS Natural Resources, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University. http://www.ricebean.org/deliverables/deliverable%204%20-%20indigenous%20knowledge.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2011

  • Krupinsky JM, Bailey KL, McMullen MP, Gossen BD, Turkington TK (2002) Managing plant disease risk in diversified cropping systems. Agronomy Journal 94:198–209. doi:10.2134/agronj2002.1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumaraswamy S (2012) Sustainability issues in agroecology: socio-ecological perspective. Agricultural Sciences 3:153–169. doi:10.4236/as.2012.32018

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunkel G (1984) Plants for human consumption: an annotated checklist of the edible phanerogams and ferns. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, p 393

    Google Scholar 

  • Leakey RRB, Temu AB, Melnyk M, Vantomme P (eds) (1996) Domestication and commercialization of non-timber forest products in agroforestry systems. Proceedings of an international conference held in Nairobi, Kenya, 19–23 February 1996. FAO Non-Wood Forest Products 9. FAO, Rome, Italy

  • Leakey RRB, Greenwell P, Hall MN, Atangana AR, Usoro C, Anegbeh PO, Fondoun J-M, Tchoundjeu Z (2005a) Domestication of Irvingia gabonensis: 4. Tree-to-tree variation in food-thickening properties and in fat and protein contents of Dika Nut. Food Chemistry 90:365–378

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leakey R, Pate K, Lombard C (2005b) Domestication potential of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra) in South Africa and Namibia: 2. Phenotypic variation in nut and kernel traits. Agroforestry Systems 64:37–49. doi:10.1007/s10457-005-2420-6

    Google Scholar 

  • Leakey RRB, Tchoundjeu Z, Schreckenberg K, Shackleton SE, Shackleton CM (2005c) Agroforestry tree products (AFTPs): targeting poverty reduction and enhanced livelihoods. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 3:1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Leakey RRB, Fuller S, Treloar T, Stevenson L, Hunter D, Nevenimo T, Binifa J, Moxon J (2008) Characterization of tree-to-tree variation in morphological, nutritional and chemical properties of Canarium indicum nuts. Agroforestry Systems 73:77–87. doi:10.1007/s10457-007-9103-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebot V, Someoni P, Jackson G (2001) Networking with food crops: a new approach in the Pacific. In: Wells KF, Eldridge KG (eds) Plant genetic resources in the Pacific: towards regional cooperation in conservation and management. ACIAR, Canberra, pp 82–85, ACIAR Monograph 76

    Google Scholar 

  • Legwaila GM, Mojeremane W, Madisa ME, Mmolotsi RM, Rampart M (2011) Potential of traditional food plants in rural household food security in Botswana. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 3(6):171–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenné JM, Wood D (2011) Agricultural revolutions and their enemies: lessons for policy makers. In: Lenné j, Wood D (eds) Agrobiodiversity management for food security: a critical review. CABI, Wallingford, pp 212–227, 235 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Li LY, Xu XY (2009) Exploring the comparative advantage of non-timber forest products – The case of Zhejiang province, China. In: Siry J, Izlar B, Bettinger P, Harris T, Tye T, Baldwin S, Merry K (eds.) Proceedings of the 2008 Southern Forest Economics Workers Annual Meeting, 9–11 March 2008, Savannah, Athens (GA) Center for Forest Business, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia. Center for Forest Business Publication No 30: 163–173

  • Lutaladio N, Burlingame B, Crews J (2010) Horticulture, biodiversity and nutrition. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23:481–485. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.08.001

    Google Scholar 

  • Maikhuri RK, Rao KS, Saxena KG (1996) Traditional crop diversity for sustainable development of Central Himalayan agroecosystems. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 3(3):8–31. doi:10.1080/13504509609469926

    Google Scholar 

  • Makobo ND, Shoko MD, Mtaita TA (2010) Nutrient content of vegetable amaranth (Amaranths cruentus L.) at different harvesting stages. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6(3):285–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Mal B (2007) Neglected and underutilized crop genetic resources for sustainable agriculture. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 20(1):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Markelova H, Meinzen-Dick R, Hellin J, Dohrn S (2009) Collective action for smallholder market access. Food Policy 34:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.001

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall E, Newton AC, Schreckenberg K (2003) Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: first steps in analysing the factors influencing success. International Forestry Review 5(2):128–137. doi:10.1505/IFOR.5.2.128.17410

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall E, Schreckenberg K, Newton AC (2006) Commercialization of non-timber forest products: factors influencing success. lessons learned from Mexico and Bolivia and policy implications for decision-makers. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Matson PA, Parton WJ, Power AG, Swift MJ (1997) Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277(5325):504–509. doi:10.1126/science.277.5325.504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKay J (2009) Food and health considerations in Asia-Pacific regional security. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 18:654–663

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. MA, Island Press, Washington DC, USA. http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Mogina J (1999) Maintenance of crop diversity and food security in rural Papua New Guinea: case studies from Cape Vogel and Goodenough Island. Australian National University Development Bulletin 50:32–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Mora-Urpí J, Weber JC, Clement CR (1997) Peach palm. Bactris gasipaes Kunth. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops, No 20. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben

    Google Scholar 

  • Moustier P, Tam PTG, Anh DT, Binh VT, Loc NTT (2010) The role of farmer organizations in supplying supermarkets with quality food in Vietnam. Food Policy 35:69–78. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.08.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Msuya JM, Mamiro P, Weinberger K (2009) Iron, zinc and β-carotene nutrient potential of non-cultivated indigenous vegetables in Tanzania. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 806:217–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagpal A, Karki M (2004) A study on marketing opportunities for medicinal aromatic and dye plants in South Asia. IDRC-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA) 114 p

  • Neumann RP, Hirsch E (2000) Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: review and analysis of research. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, p 187

    Google Scholar 

  • Nill D, Böhnert E (2006) Value chains for the conservation of biological diversity for food and agriculture. Potatoes in the Andes, Ethiopian coffee, argan oil from Morocco and grasscutters in West Africa. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, Eschborn, Germany and the Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Rome, Italy, 78 p

  • Odhav B, Beekrum S, Akula U, Baijnath H (2007) Preliminary assessment of nutritional value of traditional leafy vegetables in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 5:430–435. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.04.015

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz R (2011a) Agrobiodiversity management for climate change. In: Lenné JM, Wood D (eds) Agrobiodiversity management for food security. A critical review. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 189–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz R (2011b) The way ahead: from science to policy—coordinating efforts in a global world. In: Araus JL, Slater GA (eds) Crop stress management and global climate change. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacheco-Palencia LA, Mertens-Talcott S, Talcott ST (2008) Chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and thermal stability of a phytochemical enriched oil from açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 56(12):4631–4636. doi:10.1021/jf800161u

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Padulosi S (2011) Unlocking the potential of minor millets. Appropriate Technology 38(1):21–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Padulosi S, Hodgkin T, Williams JT, Haq N (2002) Underutilized crops: trends, challenges and opportunities in the 21st century. In: Engels JMM, Ramanatha Rao V, Brown AHD, Jackson MT (eds) Managing plant genetic resources. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 323–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Padulosi S, Mal B, Bala Ravi S, Gowda J, Gowda KTK, Shanthakumar G, Yenagi N, Dutta M (2009) Food security and climate change: role of plant genetic resources of minor millets. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 22(1):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Padulosi S, Heywood V, Hunter D, Jarvis A (2011) Underutilized species and climate change: current status and outlook. In: Yadav SS, Redden RJ, Hatfield JL, Lotze-Campen H, Hall AE (eds) Crop adaptation to climate change. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp 507–521. doi:10.1002/9780470960929.ch35

    Google Scholar 

  • Padulosi S, Bergamini N, Lawrence T (Eds) (2012) On farm conservation of neglected and underutilized species: trends and novel approaches to cope with climate change. Proceedings of the International Conference, Friedrichsdorf, Frankfurt, 14–16 June 2011. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/1512_On_farm_conservation_of_neglected_and_underutilized_species_status_trends_and_novel_approaches_to_cope_with.pdf . Accessed 15 Feb 2013

  • Pardey PG, Pingali PL (2010) Reassessing international agricultural research for food and agriculture. Report prepared for GCARD, Montpellier, France, March 2010. http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/cgiar/Documents/4.%20Phil%20Pardey%20Paper.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Parr JF, Stewart BA, Hornick SB, Singh RP (1990) Improving the sustainability of dryland farming systems: a global perspective. In: Singh RP, Parr JF, Stewart BA (eds) Advances in soil science, vol 13. Dryland Agriculture Strategies for Sustainability, New York, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrings C, Jackson L, Bawa K, Brussard L, Brush S, Gavin T, Pap R, Pascual U, de Ruiter P (2006) Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: saving natural capital without losing interest. Conservation Biology 20(2):263–264. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00390.x

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popkin BM (2003) The nutrition transition in the developing world. Development Policy Review 21(5–6):581–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescott-Allen R, Prescott-Allen C (1990) How many plants feed the world? Conservation Biology 4(4):365–374. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00310.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramadani T (2002) Marketing of indigenous fruits in Zimbabwe. Socio-economic studies on rural development, vol 129. Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk Kiel KG, Kiel, Germany, p 212

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratnadass A, Fernandes P, Avelino J, Habib R (2011) Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. doi:10.1007/s13593-011-0022-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Reardon T, Neven D (2004) The rise of Kenyan supermarkets and the evolution of their horticulture product procurement systems. Development Policy Review 22(6):669–699

    Google Scholar 

  • Renkow M, Byerlee D (2010) The impacts of CGIAR research: a review of recent evidence. Food Policy 35(5):391–402. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.006

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards P, Ruivenkamp G (1997) Seeds and survival. Crop genetic resources in war and reconstruction in Africa. IPGRI, Rome, 64 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Robson JRK (1976) Commentary: changing food habits in developing countries. Ecology of Nutrition 4(4):251–256. doi:10.1080/03670244.1976.9990436

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockström J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson Å, Chapin FS 3rd, Lambin EF, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, Nykvist B, de Wit CA, Hughes T, van der Leeuw S, Rodhe H, Sörlin S, Snyder PK, Costanza R, Svedin U, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Corell RW, Fabry VJ, Hansen J, Walker B, Liverman D, Richardson K, Crutzen P, Foley JA (2009) A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461:472–475. doi:10.1038/461472a

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas W, Valdivia R, Padulosi S, Pinto M, Soto JL, Alcocer E, Guzman L, Estrada R, Apaza V, Bravo R (2009) From neglect to limelight: issues, methods and approaches in enhancing sustainable conservation and use of Andean grains in Bolivia and Peru. In: Buerkert A and Gebauer J (eds) Agrobiodiversity and genetic erosion, contributions in honor of Prof. Dr. Karl Hammer. Supplement 92 to the Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Kassel University Press GmbH. pp 87–117. http://www.upress.uni-kassel.de/online/frei/978-3-89958-680-0.volltext.frei.pdf. Accessed 6 Aug 2011

  • Royal Society (2009) Reaping the benefits: science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture. The Royal Society, London, UK, 72 p http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2009/4294967719.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Ruel MT, Minot N, Smith L (2005) Patterns and determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption in sub-Saharan Africa. Background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Workshop on Fruits and Vegetables for Health, 1–3 September 2004, Kobe, Japan. WHO, 45 p. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/f&v_africa_economics.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Sandberg AS (2002) Bioavailability of minerals in legumes. British Journal of Nutrition 88(Suppl 3):281–285. doi:10.1079/BJN/2002718

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroth G, D’Angelo SA, Teixeira WG, Haag D, Lieberei R (2002) Conversion of secondary forest into agroforestry and monoculture plantations in Amazonia: consequences for biomass, litter and soil carbon stocks after 7 years. Forest Ecology and Management 163:131–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz S, Keatinge JDH, Wells GJ, Shrestha R (2001) Effect of legume management on forage production and residual effects on upland rice. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 184:173–180. doi:10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00398.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Shackleton CM, Pasquini MW, Drescher AW (eds) (2009) African indigenous vegetables in urban agriculture. Earthscan, London. doi:10.1002/ldr.967, 298 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanley P, Luz L, Swingland IR (2002) The faint promise of a distant market: a survey of Belém’s trade in non-timber forest products. Biodiversity and Conservation 11:615–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheil D, Wunder S (2002) The value of tropical forest to local communities: complications, caveats, and cautions. Conservation Ecology 6(2):9

    Google Scholar 

  • Simitu P, Jamnadass R, Kindt R, Kimiywe J, Kungu J (2009) Consumption of dryland indigenous fruits to improve livelihoods in Kenya: the case of Mwingi District. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 806:93–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Kumar A, Saharan RP, Kumar R (2006) A new boldseeded genotype of mungbean-MRH-5. National Journal of Plant Improvement 8(1):92–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Smale M (ed) (2006) Valuing crop biodiversity: on-farm genetic resources and genetic change. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, p 323

    Google Scholar 

  • Smale M, Hartell J, Heisey PW, Senauer B (1998) The contribution of genetic resources and diversity to wheat production in the Punjab of Pakistan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 80(3):482–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Smale M, Mar I, Jarvis DI (eds) (2002) The economics of conserving agricultural biodiversity on-farm: research methods developed from IPGRI’s global project ‘Strengthening the scientific basis of in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity’. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Bioversity International), Rome, Italy, 79 p. ftp://www.bgbd.net/ipgri/MAARTEN_VAN_ZONNEVELD/Manual%20y%20datos%20curso%20SIG/Literatura%20adicional/Publicaciones%20Bioversity/Conservacion%20In%20situ/The%20economics%20of%20conserving%20agricultural%20biodiversity%20on-farm.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Smale M, Hazell P, Hodgkin T, Fowler C (2009) Do we have an adequate global strategy for securing the biodiversity of major food crops? In: Kontoleon A, Pascual U, Smale M (eds) Agrobiodiversity conservation and economic development. Routledge, Abingdon, pp 40–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele KA, Gyawali S, Joshi KD, Shrestha P, Sthapit BR, Witcombe JR (2009) Has the introduction of modern rice varieties changed rice genetic diversity in a high-altitude region of Nepal? Field Crops Research 113(1):24–30. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.04.002

    Google Scholar 

  • Termote C, Bwama Meyi M, Dhed’a Djailo B, Huybregts L, Lachat C, Kolsteren P, Van Damme P (2012) A biodiverse rich environment does not contribute to a better diet: a case study from DR Congo. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030533

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tester M, Langridge P (2010) Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. Science 327:818–822. doi:10.1126/science.1183700

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thrupp LA (1998) Cultivating diversity. Agrobiodiversity and food security. World Resources Institute, Washington DC, 80 p. http://pdf.wri.org/cultivatingdiversity_bw.pdf. Accessed 13 Jul 2012

  • Toledo A, Burlingame B (2006) Biodiversity and nutrition: a common path toward global food security and sustainable development. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19:477–483. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.05.001

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomooka N, Kashiwaba K, Vaughan DA, Ishimoto M, Egawa Y (2000) The effectiveness of evaluating wild species: searching for sources of resistance to bruchid beetles in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis. Euphytica 115(1):27–41

    Google Scholar 

  • UNSCN (2010) Progress on nutrition. 6th Report on the World Nutrition Situation of the United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition. Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.unscn.org/files/Publications/RWNS6/report/SCN_report.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • van de Kop P, Sautier D, Gerz A (2006) Origin-based products. Lessons learnt for pro-poor market development. Bulletin No 372. Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam and French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier. http://www.kit.nl/net/KIT_Publicaties_output/ShowFile2.aspx?e=921 Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Van Noordwijk M (2010) Climate change, biodiversity, livelihoods and sustainagility in Southeast Asia. In: Sajise PE, Ticsay MV, Saguiguit GC (eds) Moving forward: Southeast Asia perspectives on climate change and biodiversity. Southeast Asia Regional Centre for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Laguna, pp 55–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Rensburg WSJ, de Ronde JA, Venter SL, Netshiluvhi TR, van den Heever E, Vorster HJ (2004) Role of indigenous leafy vegetables in combating hunger and malnutrition. South African Journal of Botany 70(1):52–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Van't Veer P, Jansen MCJF, Klerk M, Kok FJ (1999) Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Public Health Nutrition 3(1):103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijayalakshmi D, Geetha K, Gowda J, Bala Ravi S, Padulosi S, Mal B (2010) Empowerment of women farmers through value addition on minor millets genetic resources: a case study in Karnataka. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 23(1):132–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Virk DS, Chakraborty M, Ghosh J, Harris D (2006) Participatory evaluation of horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) varieties and their on-station responses to on-farm seed priming in Eastern India. Experimental Agriculture 42(4):411–425. doi:10.1017/S0014479706003838

    Google Scholar 

  • Waruhiu AN, Kengue J, Atangana AR, Tchoundjeu Z, Leakey RRB (2004) Domestication of Dacryodes edulis: 2. Phenotypic variation of fruit traits in 200 trees from four populations in the humid lowlands of Cameroon. Food, Agriculture & Environment 2:340–346

    Google Scholar 

  • WBCSD (2008) Sustainable consumption facts and trends from a business perspective. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, USA, Belgium, Switzerland, 38 p http://www.sbc.org.nz/_attachments/WBCSD_sustainable_consumption_research_Dec_08.pdf. Accessed 12 Jul 2012

  • Weinberger L, Lumpkin TA (2007) Diversification into horticulture and poverty reduction: a research agenda. World Development 35(8):1464–1480. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.002

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger K, Msuya J (2004) Indigenous vegetables in Tanzania: significance and prospects. Technical Bulletin No 31. AVRDC Publication, Shanhua, p 70

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2008) Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005: WHO global database on anaemia. de Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, Cogswell M (eds). WHO, Geneva, Switzerland

  • WHO (2009) Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995–2005. WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickens GE (1991) Management issues for development of non-timber forest products. Unasylva 42:3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Will M (2008) Promoting value chains of neglected and underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation. Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Rome, Italy. http://www.underutilized-species.org/documents/PUBLICATIONS/promoting_vc.pdf. Accessed 15 Jun 2012

  • Witcombe JR, Joshi A, Joshi KD, Sthapit BR (1996) Farmer participatory crop improvement. I. Varietal selection and breeding methods and their impact on biodiversity. Experimental Agriculture 32(4):445–460. doi:10.1017/S0014479700001526

    Google Scholar 

  • Witcombe JR, Joshi KD, Gyawali S, Musa AM, Johansen C, Virk DS, Sthapit BR (2005) Participatory plant breeding is better described as highly client-oriented plant breeding. I. Four indicators of client-orientation in plant breeding. Experimental Agriculture 41(3):299–319. doi:10.1017/S0014479705002656

    Google Scholar 

  • Witcombe JR, Devkota KP, Joshi KD (2010) Linking community-based seed producers to markets for a sustainable seed supply system. Experimental Agriculture 46(4):425–437. doi:10.1017/S001447971000061X

    Google Scholar 

  • Wojtkowski P (2008) Agroecological economics. Sustainability and biodiversity. Academic Press, Amsterdam, p 293

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollenberg E, Belcher B (2001) NTFPs—income for rural populations or not? ETFRN News http://hdl.handle.net/10568/18522. Accessed 12 Jul 2012

  • Wood D, Lenné JM (1999) Agrobiodiversity: characterization, utilization and management. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunder S, Engel S, Pagiola S (2008) Taking stock: a comparative analysis of payments for environmental services programs in developed and developing countries. Ecological Economics 65(4):843–852. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.03.010

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav M, Singh DB, Chaudary R (2009) Genetic analysis and powdery mildew resistance in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 806:331–338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yalu A, Singh D, Yadav SS (2009) Taro improvement and development in Papua New Guinea—a success story. Association for the Promotion of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI), Bangkok, p 35

    Google Scholar 

  • Yenagi NB, Handigol JA, Bala Ravi S, Mal B, Padulosi S (2010) Nutritional and technological advancements in the promotion of ethnic and novel foods using the genetic diversity of minor millets in India. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 23(1):82–86

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The Secretariat of the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) is gratefully acknowledged for enabling collective efforts to highlight the value of agrobiodiversity in a range of development contexts, by fostering and supporting the Diversity for Development Alliance among all those involved here. A grant from GFAR to GlobalHort Secretariat enabled the engagement of Dr. Hannah Jaenicke to conduct the literature review on which this present paper is constructed. The authors wish to express their deep appreciation to Mark Holderness and Harry Palmier, GFAR Secretariat, for their leadership and much needed support. The contribution of Ms. Anne Vogelsang in the literature review has been very much appreciated. Peter Andersen, Paul Bordoni, Emile Frison, Luigi Guarino, Phil Hollington, Bhag Mal and Lim Eng Siang provided valuable input to an earlier version of the document.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. c/o FAO-AGPM, GlobalHort, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy

    Rémi Kahane

  2. UR Hortsys, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Rémi Kahane

  3. Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, c/o Bioversity International, via dei Tre Denari 472a, 00057, Maccarese, Italy

    Toby Hodgkin

  4. Burghof 26, 53501, Grafschaft, Germany

    Hannah Jaenicke

  5. INBAR–International Network for Bamboo and Rattan, PO Box 100-102-86, Beijing, China

    Coosje Hoogendoorn

  6. Crops for the Future, Serdang, Malaysia

    Michael Hermann

  7. AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan

    J. D. H. (Dyno) Keatinge & Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes

  8. Bioversity International, via dei Tre Denari 472a, 00057, Maccarese, Italy

    Stefano Padulosi

  9. Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada

    Norman Looney

Authors
  1. Rémi Kahane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Toby Hodgkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hannah Jaenicke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Coosje Hoogendoorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michael Hermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. J. D. H. (Dyno) Keatinge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Stefano Padulosi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Norman Looney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rémi Kahane.

Additional information

Dedicated to the memory of Dr Lois Englberger, 1949–2011, a champion of local foods for better nutrition

About this article

Cite this article

Kahane, R., Hodgkin, T., Jaenicke, H. et al. Agrobiodiversity for food security, health and income. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 33, 671–693 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0147-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0147-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation