Investor sentiment and market fundamentals: the impact of index investment on energy and metals markets
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
- 96 Downloads
- 1 Citations
Abstract
The academic consensus is that index investment over the recent period of elevated commodity price did not affect returns. This view relies very largely on the analysis of US agricultural future markets for which the CFTC has provided index position data. That conclusion is correct but overlooks evidence that there were strong impacts on energy and metal markets where it is necessary to infer index positions from the agricultural data. Furthermore, these impacts are persistent. I follow Singleton (Management Science, 60, 300–318, 2014) in arguing that the impacts reflect changes in investor sentiment, reflected in changes in risk premia, and not informational advantage.
Keywords
Commodity futures Index investment Non-ferrous metals EnergyReferences
- Aulerich NM, Irwin SH, Garcia P (2013) Bubbles, food prices, and speculation: evidence from the CFTC’s daily large trader data files. In: Chavas J-P, Hummels D, Wright BD (eds) The economics of food price volatility. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 211–259Google Scholar
- Bagehot W (1971) The only game in town. Financ Anal J 27:12–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bhardwaj G, Gorton G, Rouwenhorst G (2015) Facts and fantasies about commodity futures ten years later. NBER Working Paper #21243. NBER, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
- Brunetti C, Büyükşahin B (2009) Is speculation destabilizing? In: Working Paper, Carey Business School. Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1393524 Google Scholar
- Capelle-Blancard G, Coulibaly D (2011) Index trading and agricultural commodity prices: a panel Granger causality analysis. Int Econ 126-7:51–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carter CA, Rausser G, Smith A (2011) Commodity booms and busts. Ann Rev Resour Econ 3(1):87–118. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.012809.104220 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- CFTC (2006). Commission actions in response to the “Comprehensive Review of the Commitments of Traders Reporting Program” (June 21, 2006). Washington DC: CFTCGoogle Scholar
- CFTC (2008) Staff report on commodity swap dealers and index traders with commission recommendations. CFTC, Washington DCGoogle Scholar
- Edwards FM, Ma CW (1992) Futures and options. McGraw-Hill, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- Etienne XL, Irwin SH, Garcia P (2014) Bubbles in food commodity markets: four decades of evidence. J Int Money Financ 42:129–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2013.08.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Figuerola-Ferretti I, Gilbert CL, McCrorie JR (2015) Testing for mild explosivity and bubbles in LME non-ferrous metals prices. J Time Ser Anal 36(5):763–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsa.12121 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Friedman M (1953) Essays in positive economics. University of Chicago Press, ChicagoGoogle Scholar
- Erten B, Ocampo JA (2013) Super cycles of commodity prices since the mid-nineteenth century. World Dev 44:14–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.11.013 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gale F (2017) “China’s pork imports rise along with production costs”. LDPM-271-01. USDA Economic Research Service, Washington DCGoogle Scholar
- Gilbert CL (2010a) How to understand high food prices. J Agric Econ 61(2):398–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00248.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gilbert CL (2010b) Speculative influence on commodity prices 2006–08. Discussion Paper #197. UNCTAD, GenevaGoogle Scholar
- Gilbert CL, Pfuderer S (2014) The role of index trading in price formation in the grains and oilseeds markets. J Agric Econ 65(2):303–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12068 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gorton G, Rouwenhorst GK (2006) Facts and fantasies about commodity futures. Financ Anal J 62(2):47–68. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v62.n2.4083 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Granger CWJ (1969) Testing for causality and feedback. Econometrica 37(3):424–438. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912791 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Granger CWJ (2007) Causality in economics. In: Chapter 15. In: Machamer P, Wolters G (eds) Thinking about causes. University of Pittsburgh Press, PittsburghGoogle Scholar
- Grilli ER, Yang MC (1988) Primary commodity prices, manufactured goods prices, and the terms of trade of developing countries: what long run shows. World Bank Econ Rev 2(1):1–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/2.1.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Grosche S-C (2014) What does Granger causality prove? A critical examination of the interpretation of Granger causality on price effects of index trading in agricultural commodity markets. J Agric Econ 65(2):279–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12058 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hamilton JD, Wu JY (2015) Effects of index-fund investing on commodity futures prices. Int Econ Rev 56(1):187–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12099 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Henderson BJ, Pearson ND, Wang L (2015) New evidence on the financialization of commodity markets. Rev Financ Stud 28(5):1285–1311. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhu091 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- IMF (2015) World economic outlook. IMF, Washington DCGoogle Scholar
- Irwin SH, Sanders DR (2011) Index funds, financialization, and commodity futures markets. Appl Econ Perspect Policy 33(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppq032 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Irwin SH, Sanders DR (2012) Financialization and structural change in commodity futures markets. J Agric Appl Econ 44(03):371–396. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1074070800000481 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Keynes JM (1936) The general theory of employment, interest and money. Macmillan, LondonGoogle Scholar
- Masters MW (2008) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee of Homeland Security and Government Affairs, Washington, DC, 20 May 2008. US Senate, Washington DCGoogle Scholar
- Masters MW, White AK (2008) The accidental Hunt Brothers. How institutional investors are driving up food and energy prices. http://www.loe.org/images/content/080919/Act1.pdf
- Morrison DF (1976) Multivariate statistical methods, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- O’Hara M (1995) Market microstructure theory. Blackwell, OxfordGoogle Scholar
- Powell A (2015) Commodity prices: over a hundred years of booms and busts. Vox, 28 April 2015. http://voxeu.org/article/commodity-booms-bust-evidence-1900-2010
- Radetzki M (2006) The anatomy of three commodity booms. Resour Policy 31(1):56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2006.06.003 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Radetzki M, Wårell L (2017) A handbook of primary commodities in the global economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316416945 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Roache SK (2012) China’s impact on world commodity markets. IMF Working Paper 12/2015. IMF, WashingtonGoogle Scholar
- Rouwenhorst GK, Tang K (2012) Commodity investing. Annu Rev Financ Econ 4(1):447–467. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110311-101716 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sanders DR, Irwin SH, Merrin RP (2010) The adequacy of speculation in agricultural futures markets: too much of a good thing? Appl Econ Perspect Policy 32(1):77–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppp006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sanders DR, Irwin SH (2011) The impact of index funds in commodity futures markets: a systems approach. J Altern Invest 14(1):40–49. https://doi.org/10.3905/jai.2011.14.1.040 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Scherer V, He L (2008) The diversification benefits of commodity futures indexes: a mean-variance spanning test. In: Fabozzi FJ, Füss R, Kaiser DG (eds) The handbook of commodity investing. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 241–265Google Scholar
- Sims CA (1972) Money, income, and causality. Am Econ Rev 62:540–552Google Scholar
- Singleton KJ (2014) Investor flows and the 2008 boom/bust in oil prices. Manag Sci 60(2):300–318. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1756 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stock JH, Watson MW (2003) Introduction to econometrics. Addison-Wesley, BostonGoogle Scholar
- Stoll HR, Whaley RE (2010) Commodity index investing and commodity futures prices. J Appl Fin 20:7–46Google Scholar
- Tang K, Xiong W (2010) Index investment and financialization of commodities. Working Paper #16385. NBER, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
- Yan L, Irwin SH, Sanders DR (2017) Mapping algorithms, agricultural futures, and the relationship between commodity investment flows and crude oil futures prices. Preprint. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaGoogle Scholar
- Ying D (2000) China’s agricultural restructuring and system reform under its accession to the WTO. ACIAR China Grain Market Policy Project Paper 12, ACIAR, CanberraGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018